{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3142929392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3068379","title":"Soil-Moisture-Sensor-Based Automated Soil Water Content Cycle Classification With a Hybrid Symbolic Aggregate Approximation Algorithm","display_name":"Soil-Moisture-Sensor-Based Automated Soil Water Content Cycle Classification With a Hybrid Symbolic Aggregate Approximation Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3142929392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3068379","mag":"3142929392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3068379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3068379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064109559","display_name":"Zhongju Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-6519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongju Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-6519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447540","display_name":"Long Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-6054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-6054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070357433","display_name":"Chao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-3697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-3697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764713","display_name":"Zijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-5033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-5033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070952629","display_name":"Xiong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-8447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-8447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064109559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4674,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89664169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"18","first_page":"14003","last_page":"14012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6044574975967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.5889050364494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.588160514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.5604941844940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5410476922988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5401268601417542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.47706639766693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4419839382171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38426142930984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38355720043182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3620946705341339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6044574975967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.5889050364494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.588160514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.5604941844940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5410476922988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5401268601417542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.47706639766693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4419839382171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38426142930984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38355720043182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3620946705341339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3068379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3068379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1487749174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019A1515111165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3690819622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3741151340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6393068309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020A1515110431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7792054036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52007160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7938839145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9204028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8379309224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11204419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491931038","https://openalex.org/W1846261984","https://openalex.org/W1989037929","https://openalex.org/W1992497603","https://openalex.org/W2063070519","https://openalex.org/W2080274255","https://openalex.org/W2085305167","https://openalex.org/W2164274563","https://openalex.org/W2331865976","https://openalex.org/W2402972623","https://openalex.org/W2626581795","https://openalex.org/W2766852097","https://openalex.org/W2778046697","https://openalex.org/W2793121711","https://openalex.org/W2808987558","https://openalex.org/W2809619099","https://openalex.org/W2903877374","https://openalex.org/W2905177959","https://openalex.org/W2955982406","https://openalex.org/W2961079568","https://openalex.org/W2963607345","https://openalex.org/W2978396606","https://openalex.org/W2980213960","https://openalex.org/W2995216650","https://openalex.org/W3005949141","https://openalex.org/W3014819769","https://openalex.org/W3014903822","https://openalex.org/W3045449233","https://openalex.org/W3046405773","https://openalex.org/W3120045031","https://openalex.org/W4242702158","https://openalex.org/W6632123758","https://openalex.org/W6773470269","https://openalex.org/W6775691121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319693127","https://openalex.org/W308539617","https://openalex.org/W1983228818","https://openalex.org/W2163064108","https://openalex.org/W2072263576","https://openalex.org/W2474567666","https://openalex.org/W4399930146","https://openalex.org/W2767257176","https://openalex.org/W2915154372","https://openalex.org/W1940044583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,25,60],"hybrid":[4],"symbolic":[5],"aggregate":[6],"approximation":[7],"and":[8,53,86,129],"vector":[9],"space":[10],"model":[11],"(SAX-VSM)":[12],"method":[13,111,140],"for":[14],"automatically":[15],"classifying":[16],"soil":[17,93],"water":[18],"content":[19],"cycles.":[20],"In":[21],"the":[22,29,40,44,84,89,99,109,114,125,138,145],"proposed":[23,90,110,139],"method,":[24,91],"novel":[26],"similarity":[27,34,48],"measure,":[28,35],"distance":[30,54],"weighted":[31],"cosine":[32],"(DWC)":[33],"is":[36,64,75,134],"introduced":[37],"to":[38,66,77,136],"improve":[39],"classification":[41],"performance":[42,116],"of":[43,56,88,124],"SAX-VSM.":[45],"The":[46],"DWC":[47],"measure":[49],"incorporates":[50],"both":[51],"direction":[52],"information":[55],"feature":[57],"vectors.":[58],"Meanwhile,":[59],"mixed-integer":[61],"optimization":[62,80],"problem":[63],"formulated":[65],"determine":[67],"hyperparameters.":[68],"An":[69],"extended":[70],"Rao-1":[71],"algorithm,":[72,74],"I-Rao-1":[73],"developed":[76],"solve":[78],"such":[79],"problems.":[81],"To":[82],"verify":[83],"feasibility":[85],"effectiveness":[87],"three":[92],"moisture":[94],"data":[95,120],"sets":[96,121],"collected":[97],"from":[98],"Florida":[100],"research":[101],"trials":[102],"are":[103],"employed.":[104],"Compared":[105],"with":[106],"state-of-the-art":[107],"methods,":[108],"has":[112],"achieved":[113],"best":[115],"based":[117],"on":[118],"all":[119],"in":[122,144],"terms":[123],"highest":[126],"accuracy,":[127],"precision,":[128],"recall":[130],"values.":[131],"Therefore,":[132],"it":[133],"promising":[135],"apply":[137],"into":[141],"real":[142],"applications":[143],"smart":[146],"irrigation":[147],"system.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
