{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3113891464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2020.3046094","title":"The Effect of Quality Control on Accuracy of Digital Pathology Image Analysis","display_name":"The Effect of Quality Control on Accuracy of Digital Pathology Image Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3113891464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2020.3046094","mag":"3113891464","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2020.3046094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2020.3046094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020968144","display_name":"Alexander Wright","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander I. Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000989738","display_name":"Catriona M. Dunn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catriona M. Dunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043373791","display_name":"Michael Hale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-6882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hale","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054579793","display_name":"Gordon Hutchins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon G. A. Hutchins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001235418","display_name":"Darren Treanor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-484X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren E. Treanor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020968144"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.018,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92991684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"307","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7192364931106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"Digital pathology","score":0.7170006036758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replicate","display_name":"Replicate","score":0.7118998169898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6679502129554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.6364285945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5033575892448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4949604868888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4750934839248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.45259028673171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4418126940727234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.437109112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41219621896743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4109271168708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.362221360206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3133348226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2201368808746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15513932704925537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7192364931106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.7170006036758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.7118998169898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6679502129554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.6364285945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5033575892448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4949604868888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4750934839248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.45259028673171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4418126940727234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.437109112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41219621896743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4109271168708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.362221360206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3133348226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2201368808746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15513932704925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jbhi.2020.3046094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2020.3046094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33347418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312942","display_name":"Yorkshire Cancer Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02cddnn97"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963909008","https://openalex.org/W1976435325","https://openalex.org/W1980732313","https://openalex.org/W1986750896","https://openalex.org/W2020632674","https://openalex.org/W2039457389","https://openalex.org/W2049168781","https://openalex.org/W2095114940","https://openalex.org/W2107994328","https://openalex.org/W2109740395","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2132966617","https://openalex.org/W2141271471","https://openalex.org/W2148123652","https://openalex.org/W2171812326","https://openalex.org/W2505324173","https://openalex.org/W2509553455","https://openalex.org/W2522628784","https://openalex.org/W2593461035","https://openalex.org/W2738545894","https://openalex.org/W2759577099","https://openalex.org/W2772926238","https://openalex.org/W2807102196","https://openalex.org/W2898181981","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2939957413","https://openalex.org/W2962793691","https://openalex.org/W3209544266","https://openalex.org/W6645448825","https://openalex.org/W6803239612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254851101","https://openalex.org/W3171007296","https://openalex.org/W22115721","https://openalex.org/W2321234655","https://openalex.org/W2065444835","https://openalex.org/W4394550905","https://openalex.org/W2803493564","https://openalex.org/W2059612479","https://openalex.org/W2564959782","https://openalex.org/W1560396071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"slide":[1],"images":[2,83,163,183,197],"produced":[3],"from":[4,10,57,124,170],"routine":[5],"diagnostic":[6],"histopathological":[7],"preparations":[8],"suffer":[9],"variation":[11,25,214],"arising":[12],"at":[13,174],"every":[14],"step":[15],"of":[16,65,77,157,177,203,233],"the":[17,55,63,115,175,179,186,189,207,231,234],"processing":[18],"pipeline.":[19],"Typically,":[20],"pathologists":[21],"compensate":[22],"for":[23],"such":[24],"using":[26],"expert":[27],"knowledge":[28],"and":[29,80,103],"experience,":[30],"which":[31,42],"is":[32,47,84,97],"difficult":[33],"to":[34,41,86,105,111,121,172,181,193,215],"replicate":[35],"in":[36,49,53,69,109,201],"automated":[37],"solutions.":[38],"The":[39,221],"extent":[40],"inconsistencies":[43],"affect":[44],"image":[45,126,138,228,238],"analysis":[46],"explored":[48],"this":[50],"work,":[51],"examining":[52],"detail,":[54],"results":[56,222],"a":[58,153,199,217],"previously":[59],"published":[60],"algorithm":[61,187],"automating":[62],"generation":[64],"tumor:stroma":[66],"ratio":[67],"(TSR)":[68],"colorectal":[70],"clinical":[71],"trial":[72],"datasets.":[73],"One":[74],"dataset":[75,180,209],"consisting":[76],"2,211":[78,116],"cases":[79,93],"106,268":[81],"expert-labelled":[82],"used":[85,104],"identify":[87],"quality":[88,127,139,166],"issues,":[89],"by":[90],"visually":[91],"inspecting":[92],"where":[94],"algorithm-pathologist":[95],"agreement":[96,108,136,145],"lowest.":[98],"Twelve":[99],"categories":[100],"are":[101],"identified":[102],"analyze":[106],"pathologist-algorithm":[107],"relation":[110],"these":[112],"categories.":[113],"Of":[114],"cases,":[117],"701":[118],"were":[119],"found":[120,143],"be":[122],"free":[123],"any":[125],"issues.":[128],"Algorithm":[129],"performance":[130],"was":[131,142,146],"then":[132],"assessed,":[133],"comparing":[134],"pathologist":[135],"with":[137,152],"classification.":[140],"It":[141],"that":[144,164,206],"lowest":[147],"on":[148,188,195,227,236],"poorly":[149],"differentiated":[150],"tissue,":[151],"mean":[154],"TSR":[155],"difference":[156],"0.25":[158],"(sd":[159],"=":[160],"0.24).":[161],"Removing":[162],"contained":[165],"issues":[167],"increased":[168],"accuracy":[169,202],"80%":[171],"83%,":[173],"expense":[176],"reducing":[178],"33,736":[182],"(32%).":[184],"Training":[185],"optimized":[190,208],"dataset,":[191],"prior":[192],"testing":[194],"all":[196],"saw":[198],"decrease":[200],"4%,":[204],"indicating":[205],"did":[210],"not":[211],"contain":[212],"enough":[213],"generate":[216],"fully":[218],"representative":[219],"model.":[220],"provide":[223],"an":[224],"in-depth":[225],"perspective":[226],"quality,":[229],"highlighting":[230],"importance":[232],"effects":[235],"downstream":[237],"analysis.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
