{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085307822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos.2010.5542736","title":"Virtual batching: Request batching for energ conservation in virtualized servers","display_name":"Virtual batching: Request batching for energ conservation in virtualized servers","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085307822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos.2010.5542736","mag":"2085307822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos.2010.5542736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos.2010.5542736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE 18th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032773325","display_name":"Yefu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3112-2791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yefu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045520277","display_name":"Robert Deaver","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Deaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658019","display_name":"Xiaorui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-1418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaorui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032773325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96780164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8298899531364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.771291196346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.6810998916625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.6041393876075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-scaling","display_name":"Frequency scaling","score":0.6032388210296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.5812443494796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4919116497039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server-farm","display_name":"Server farm","score":0.4652799963951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.45656901597976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.41272640228271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4121738076210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34734034538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34307989478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3266828656196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2585862874984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/client\u2013server-model","display_name":"Client\u2013server model","score":0.11262992024421692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8298899531364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.771291196346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6810998916625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6041393876075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157742956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237776","display_name":"Frequency scaling","level":3,"score":0.6032388210296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.5812443494796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4919116497039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105908466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261645","display_name":"Server farm","level":4,"score":0.4652799963951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.45656901597976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.41272640228271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4121738076210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34734034538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34307989478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3266828656196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2585862874984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152880691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146813","display_name":"Client\u2013server model","level":3,"score":0.11262992024421692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos.2010.5542736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos.2010.5542736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE 18th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184075017","https://openalex.org/W1527264199","https://openalex.org/W1572920476","https://openalex.org/W1597560875","https://openalex.org/W2010424232","https://openalex.org/W2016333825","https://openalex.org/W2038337218","https://openalex.org/W2097271361","https://openalex.org/W2099786809","https://openalex.org/W2100346277","https://openalex.org/W2100948980","https://openalex.org/W2103375760","https://openalex.org/W2110860124","https://openalex.org/W2112102221","https://openalex.org/W2112806194","https://openalex.org/W2120613668","https://openalex.org/W2130612331","https://openalex.org/W2134807578","https://openalex.org/W2135801091","https://openalex.org/W2137240782","https://openalex.org/W2155542718","https://openalex.org/W2156756912","https://openalex.org/W2158459299","https://openalex.org/W2163012480","https://openalex.org/W2167868895","https://openalex.org/W2171762108","https://openalex.org/W3000236612","https://openalex.org/W4229980779","https://openalex.org/W4248937071","https://openalex.org/W6607475950","https://openalex.org/W6631665972","https://openalex.org/W6634327625","https://openalex.org/W6635861118","https://openalex.org/W6675094356","https://openalex.org/W6679654183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967088250","https://openalex.org/W3153176582","https://openalex.org/W2144034023","https://openalex.org/W2167717279","https://openalex.org/W4245552802","https://openalex.org/W2135721350","https://openalex.org/W2036903086","https://openalex.org/W4287778142","https://openalex.org/W3025960525","https://openalex.org/W4238485050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"power":[1],"management":[2],"strategies":[3],"have":[4,98,149],"been":[5],"proposed":[6],"for":[7,129,172,203],"enterprise":[8],"servers":[9,131],"based":[10,208,242],"on":[11,85,93,162,209,237,243],"dynamic":[12],"voltage":[13],"and":[14,41,68,177,213],"frequency":[15,202],"scaling":[16],"(DVFS),":[17],"but":[18],"those":[19],"solutions":[20],"cannot":[21],"further":[22],"reduce":[23],"the":[24,31,37,42,70,75,94,104,112,116,145,151,169,179,184,223],"energy":[25,55,228],"consumption":[26],"of":[27,114],"a":[28,86,124,210,240],"server":[29,32,43,88,96],"when":[30],"processor":[33,71,106,180,201],"is":[34,45,79,194],"already":[35],"at":[36],"lowest":[38],"DVFS":[39,198,244],"level":[40,154],"utilization":[44],"still":[46],"low":[47],"(e.g.,":[48],"5%":[49],"or":[50],"lower).":[51],"To":[52],"achieve":[53,222],"improved":[54],"efficiency,":[56],"request":[57,83,126,192],"batching":[58,84,127,174,193],"can":[59,148,221],"be":[60],"conducted":[61],"to":[62,81,156,190,197,199],"group":[63],"received":[64],"requests":[65,176],"into":[66,72,107,181],"batches":[67],"put":[69],"sleep":[73,108],"between":[74],"batches.":[76],"However,":[77],"it":[78],"challenging":[80],"perform":[82],"virtualized":[87,130],"because":[89],"different":[90,99],"virtual":[91,117,146],"machines":[92,147],"same":[95,152],"may":[97,109],"workload":[100,185],"intensities.":[101],"Hence,":[102],"putting":[103,178],"shared":[105],"severely":[110],"impact":[111],"performance":[113,153,204,225],"all":[115,144],"machines.":[118],"This":[119],"paper":[120],"proposes":[121],"Virtual":[122,219],"Batching,":[123],"novel":[125],"solution":[128,137,167,241],"with":[132,226],"primarily":[133],"light":[134,189],"workloads.":[135],"Our":[136],"dynamically":[138],"allocates":[139],"CPU":[140],"resources":[141],"such":[142],"that":[143,218],"approximately":[150],"relative":[155],"their":[157],"allowed":[158],"peak":[159],"values.":[160],"Based":[161],"this":[163],"uniform":[164],"level,":[165],"our":[166],"determines":[168],"time":[170],"length":[171],"periodically":[173],"incoming":[175],"sleep.":[182],"When":[183],"intensity":[186],"changes":[187],"from":[188],"moderate,":[191],"automatically":[195],"switched":[196],"increase":[200],"guarantees.":[205],"Empirical":[206],"results":[207],"hardware":[211],"testbed":[212],"real":[214],"trace":[215],"files":[216],"show":[217],"Batching":[220],"desired":[224],"more":[227],"conservation":[229],"than":[230,239],"several":[231],"well-designed":[232],"baselines,":[233],"e.g.,":[234],"63%":[235],"more,":[236],"average,":[238],"only.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}