{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253675410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwpse.2004.1334769","title":"Evolution spectrographs: visualizing punctuated change in software evolution","display_name":"Evolution spectrographs: visualizing punctuated change in software evolution","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4253675410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwpse.2004.1334769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwpse.2004.1334769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwpse.2004.1334769","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 7th International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046088154","display_name":"Jingwei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-619X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingwei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053793498","display_name":"Cornelia Spitzer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.W. Spitzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091586373","display_name":"Ahmed E. Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-5513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.E. Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108613865","display_name":"Richard C. Holt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.C. Holt","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046088154"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94437506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"57","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.9164537787437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punctuated-equilibrium","display_name":"Punctuated equilibrium","score":0.9100055694580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.608330249786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punctuation","display_name":"Punctuation","score":0.589081883430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5828620791435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5442663431167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-visualization","display_name":"Software visualization","score":0.5363842844963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrograph","display_name":"Spectrograph","score":0.509157121181488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4293324053287506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.38679060339927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology","display_name":"Paleontology","score":0.1900084912776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18371427059173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1621706783771515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14998579025268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.1390259861946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1247367262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.09902641177177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07300910353660583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.9164537787437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148108004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582558","display_name":"Punctuated equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.9100055694580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.608330249786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540372491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82622","display_name":"Punctuation","level":2,"score":0.589081883430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5828620791435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5442663431167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4379982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273511","display_name":"Software visualization","level":5,"score":0.5363842844963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778861254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912034","display_name":"Spectrograph","level":3,"score":0.509157121181488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4293324053287506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.38679060339927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.1900084912776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18371427059173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1621706783771515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14998579025268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.1390259861946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1247367262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.09902641177177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07300910353660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwpse.2004.1334769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwpse.2004.1334769","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 7th International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98290605","https://openalex.org/W100770364","https://openalex.org/W1592347886","https://openalex.org/W1700302626","https://openalex.org/W2057245786","https://openalex.org/W2093785108","https://openalex.org/W2118023438","https://openalex.org/W2128780139","https://openalex.org/W2145737999","https://openalex.org/W2159682002","https://openalex.org/W2169195484","https://openalex.org/W4237336295","https://openalex.org/W4240406603","https://openalex.org/W4243601689","https://openalex.org/W4245799542","https://openalex.org/W4245913081","https://openalex.org/W4250018184","https://openalex.org/W6604016118","https://openalex.org/W6604055954","https://openalex.org/W6635200427","https://openalex.org/W6674099937","https://openalex.org/W6684791322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121373249","https://openalex.org/W2385708371","https://openalex.org/W4253675410","https://openalex.org/W1496838008","https://openalex.org/W2476685731","https://openalex.org/W2293484165","https://openalex.org/W4213202158","https://openalex.org/W2052955308","https://openalex.org/W1972720640","https://openalex.org/W2994261843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"evolution":[1,33,68,96],"is":[2],"commonly":[3],"characterized":[4],"as":[5,113],"a":[6,42,60],"slow":[7],"process":[8],"of":[9,21,37,63,78,97],"incremental":[10],"change.":[11,39],"Researchers":[12],"have":[13],"observed":[14],"that":[15,90],"software":[16,64,82,110],"systems":[17],"also":[18],"exhibit":[19],"characteristics":[20],"punctuation":[22],"(sudden":[23],"and":[24,70,86,101,116],"discontinuous":[25],"change)":[26],"during":[27],"their":[28],"evolution.":[29],"We":[30,40,66,88],"analyze":[31],"punctuated":[32,91],"from":[34,75],"the":[35,47,72,95],"perspective":[36],"structural":[38],"developed":[41],"color-coded":[43],"visualization":[44],"technique":[45],"called":[46],"Evolution":[48],"Spectrograph":[49],"(ESG).":[50],"ESG":[51],"can":[52],"be":[53],"applied":[54],"to":[55],"highlight":[56],"conspicuous":[57],"changes":[58],"across":[59],"historical":[61],"sequence":[62],"releases.":[65],"describe":[67],"spectrographs":[69],"present":[71],"empirical":[73,105],"results":[74,106],"our":[76,104],"studies":[77],"three":[79,99],"open":[80],"source":[81],"systems:":[83],"OpenSSH,":[84],"PostgreSQL,":[85],"Linux.":[87],"show":[89],"change":[92,114],"occurred":[93],"in":[94],"these":[98],"systems,":[100],"we":[102],"validate":[103],"by":[107],"examining":[108],"related":[109],"documents":[111],"such":[112],"logs":[115],"release":[117],"notes.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}