{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1628842950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2015.7289140","title":"Impact of Carrier-Grade NAT on web browsing","display_name":"Impact of Carrier-Grade NAT on web browsing","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1628842950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2015.7289140","mag":"1628842950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2015.7289140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2015.7289140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028032411","display_name":"Enrico Bocchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Bocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052870242","display_name":"Ali Safari Khatouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6435-6933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Safari Khatouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023826217","display_name":"Stefano Traverso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Traverso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002388358","display_name":"Alessandro Finamore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-2506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134591","display_name":"Telefonica Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/03qgzzb04","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097190","https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["ES","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Finamore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Italy","Telefonica Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telefonica Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032319213","display_name":"Valeria Di Gennaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valeria Di Gennaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Piemonte, IT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Piemonte, IT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060087704","display_name":"Marco Mellia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1859-6693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Mellia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040690637","display_name":"Maurizio Matteo Munaf\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4884-7310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurizio Munafo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052449763","display_name":"Dario Rossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3936-8876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Rossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom ParisTech, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom ParisTech, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028032411"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.25720366,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89471883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"532","last_page":"537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nat","display_name":"Nat","score":0.8998078107833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nat-traversal","display_name":"NAT traversal","score":0.8270298838615417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv4","display_name":"IPv4","score":0.7948808073997498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagging","display_name":"Lagging","score":0.6704239249229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6480042338371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-address-translation","display_name":"Network address translation","score":0.5437009334564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv6","display_name":"IPv6","score":0.5322639346122742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44795456528663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4383336305618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4362509548664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-protocol","display_name":"Internet Protocol","score":0.09886980056762695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182516595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376660","display_name":"Nat","level":2,"score":0.8998078107833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113707754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581558","display_name":"NAT traversal","level":5,"score":0.8270298838615417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11103","display_name":"IPv4","level":4,"score":0.7948808073997498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776962539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6472078","display_name":"Lagging","level":2,"score":0.6704239249229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6480042338371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147873670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11182","display_name":"Network address translation","level":4,"score":0.5437009334564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84555802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551624","display_name":"IPv6","level":3,"score":0.5322639346122742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44795456528663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4383336305618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4362509548664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.09886980056762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2015.7289140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2015.7289140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103558403","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1790874114","https://openalex.org/W2046007765","https://openalex.org/W2051710502","https://openalex.org/W2137632784","https://openalex.org/W2144241614","https://openalex.org/W2239468991","https://openalex.org/W2246272066","https://openalex.org/W2290164723","https://openalex.org/W2503934463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069788412","https://openalex.org/W2489790324","https://openalex.org/W2353440453","https://openalex.org/W2353457487","https://openalex.org/W2359387296","https://openalex.org/W281246390","https://openalex.org/W2377427340","https://openalex.org/W2351904588","https://openalex.org/W2061141964","https://openalex.org/W2347433199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Public":[0],"IPv4":[1,26],"addresses":[2],"are":[3],"a":[4,39,45,50],"scarce":[5],"resource.":[6],"While":[7],"IPv6":[8],"adoption":[9],"is":[10,38],"lagging,":[11],"Network":[12],"Address":[13],"Translation":[14],"(NAT)":[15],"technologies":[16],"have":[17],"been":[18],"deployed":[19],"over":[20],"the":[21],"last":[22],"years":[23],"to":[24,43],"alleviate":[25],"exiguity":[27],"and":[28],"their":[29],"high":[30],"rental":[31],"cost.":[32],"In":[33],"particular,":[34],"Carrier-Grade":[35],"NAT":[36],"(CGN)":[37],"well":[40],"known":[41],"solution":[42],"mask":[44],"whole":[46],"ISP":[47],"network":[48],"behind":[49],"limited":[51],"amount":[52],"of":[53],"public":[54],"IP":[55],"addresses,":[56],"significantly":[57],"reducing":[58],"expenses.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
