{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2569132719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz.2016.7804448","title":"Extending the depth of field in microscopy: A review","display_name":"Extending the depth of field in microscopy: A review","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2569132719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz.2016.7804448","mag":"2569132719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivcnz.2016.7804448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz.2016.7804448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078132830","display_name":"Anoop Suraj Ambikumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anoop Suraj Ambikumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030115213","display_name":"Donald G. Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1025-3680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald G. Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048292309","display_name":"Gourab Sen Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2758-0335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gourab Sen Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078132830"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2918,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85634725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.7811669707298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.7056768536567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-of-field","display_name":"Depth of field","score":0.7010889053344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.6742603778839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.664789617061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5827102065086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5635961294174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.5575041770935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5545331239700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5313582420349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5059165358543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-of-focus","display_name":"Depth of focus (tectonics)","score":0.502828061580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4501197934150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.3195923864841461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20561301708221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11149528622627258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11079850792884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0836259126663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08237209916114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07444021105766296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07028478384017944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.7811669707298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.7056768536567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183072630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215932","display_name":"Depth of field","level":2,"score":0.7010889053344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.6742603778839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.664789617061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5827102065086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5635961294174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.5575041770935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5545331239700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5313582420349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5059165358543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89002693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1538481","display_name":"Depth of focus (tectonics)","level":4,"score":0.502828061580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4501197934150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.3195923864841461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20561301708221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11149528622627258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11079850792884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0836259126663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08237209916114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07444021105766296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07028478384017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58097730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176318","display_name":"Subduction","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivcnz.2016.7804448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz.2016.7804448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8437397","https://openalex.org/W228376220","https://openalex.org/W615149457","https://openalex.org/W1505641881","https://openalex.org/W1550894919","https://openalex.org/W1597264943","https://openalex.org/W1965225917","https://openalex.org/W1970352604","https://openalex.org/W1973423108","https://openalex.org/W1983295226","https://openalex.org/W1985231173","https://openalex.org/W1985688485","https://openalex.org/W1986629820","https://openalex.org/W2004457624","https://openalex.org/W2005482491","https://openalex.org/W2005682787","https://openalex.org/W2012178979","https://openalex.org/W2015370045","https://openalex.org/W2023012691","https://openalex.org/W2024750028","https://openalex.org/W2028555274","https://openalex.org/W2039520532","https://openalex.org/W2040526781","https://openalex.org/W2054823391","https://openalex.org/W2055075659","https://openalex.org/W2058796897","https://openalex.org/W2064000601","https://openalex.org/W2066006585","https://openalex.org/W2115528090","https://openalex.org/W2123864307","https://openalex.org/W2127256073","https://openalex.org/W2129931573","https://openalex.org/W2131168375","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2136156950","https://openalex.org/W2143696753","https://openalex.org/W2147555557","https://openalex.org/W2158598326","https://openalex.org/W2163048487","https://openalex.org/W2164159666","https://openalex.org/W2171752891","https://openalex.org/W2292760036","https://openalex.org/W2479163984","https://openalex.org/W2547053052","https://openalex.org/W4251101141","https://openalex.org/W6600324250","https://openalex.org/W6678802104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391745328","https://openalex.org/W4214649316","https://openalex.org/W2554790198","https://openalex.org/W2116037602","https://openalex.org/W4386461579","https://openalex.org/W2368671946","https://openalex.org/W2050501141","https://openalex.org/W2007377145","https://openalex.org/W1502763594","https://openalex.org/W2029421216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"multi-focus":[3,119],"image":[4,120],"fusion":[5,121],"methods":[6],"in":[7,22,79],"the":[8,19,29,112],"context":[9],"of":[10,14,18,31,105,118,131],"microscope.":[11],"Limited":[12],"depth":[13,30],"field":[15,32],"is":[16,43,96,108],"one":[17,38,97],"major":[20],"limitations":[21],"microscopy.":[23],"Objects":[24],"which":[25],"are":[26,73,77],"thicker":[27],"than":[28],"cannot":[33],"be":[34],"captured":[35],"completely":[36],"within":[37],"sharp":[39,58],"image.":[40,59],"The":[41,125],"solution":[42,98],"to":[44,54,99],"capture":[45],"multiple":[46],"images":[47],"at":[48],"different":[49],"focus":[50,104],"and":[51,62,70,115,134],"fuse":[52],"them":[53],"derive":[55],"a":[56,129],"single":[57],"Spatial":[60],"domain":[61,64],"transform":[63],"(including":[65],"frequency":[66],"domain,":[67],"multiscale":[68],"analysis":[69],"wavelet":[71],"transform)":[72],"considered.":[74],"Most":[75],"applications":[76],"limited":[78],"their":[80],"performance":[81],"by":[82],"real-time":[83],"constraints":[84],"such":[85],"as":[86],"speed,":[87],"resource":[88],"utilization":[89],"etc.":[90],"Dedicated":[91],"hardware":[92,113],"based":[93],"on":[94],"FPGAs":[95],"overcome":[100],"this":[101,106],"limitation.":[102],"A":[103],"review":[107,126],"given":[109],"towards":[110],"exploring":[111],"implementation":[114],"related":[116],"issues":[117],"for":[122,137],"microscopic":[123],"applications.":[124],"concludes":[127],"with":[128],"number":[130],"outstanding":[132],"challenges,":[133],"potential":[135],"directions":[136],"further":[138],"research.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}