{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413018559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097403","title":"SpikingRTNH: Spiking Neural Network for 4D Radar Object Detection","display_name":"SpikingRTNH: Spiking Neural Network for 4D Radar Object Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413018559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007043388","display_name":"Dong-Hee Paek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0008-3726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Hee Paek","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCS Graduate School of Mobility, KAIST,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34051"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCS Graduate School of Mobility, KAIST,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34051","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073091471","display_name":"Seung-Hyun Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-1998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Hyun Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCS Graduate School of Mobility, KAIST,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34051"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCS Graduate School of Mobility, KAIST,Daejeon,Republic of Korea,34051","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96559323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"577","last_page":"582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7264430522918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6070067882537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5266468524932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.5148195624351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5088613033294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4988443851470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-detection","display_name":"Radar detection","score":0.43824419379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4270431697368622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4190391004085541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.25614142417907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1387249231338501}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7264430522918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6070067882537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5266468524932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.5148195624351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5088613033294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4988443851470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.43824419379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4270431697368622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4190391004085541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25614142417907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1387249231338501}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570411240","https://openalex.org/W1966752244","https://openalex.org/W1996938738","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2076964542","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2122896223","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2592680288","https://openalex.org/W2798878556","https://openalex.org/W2892077605","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3208941688","https://openalex.org/W4210674219","https://openalex.org/W4285247025","https://openalex.org/W4307438232","https://openalex.org/W4308080461","https://openalex.org/W4312336128","https://openalex.org/W4312396550","https://openalex.org/W4313124159","https://openalex.org/W4378696925","https://openalex.org/W4380878212","https://openalex.org/W4385302159","https://openalex.org/W4391793368","https://openalex.org/W4393032756","https://openalex.org/W4400679365","https://openalex.org/W4408411785","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6771922894","https://openalex.org/W6845720290","https://openalex.org/W6858049653","https://openalex.org/W6869295814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292830139","https://openalex.org/W4319309705","https://openalex.org/W2363683226","https://openalex.org/W1996703098","https://openalex.org/W2380354860","https://openalex.org/W2048524019","https://openalex.org/W2016532287","https://openalex.org/W2362516259","https://openalex.org/W2066514088","https://openalex.org/W2356608920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"4D":[1,57,150],"Radar":[2,58],"has":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6],"crucial":[7],"sensor":[8],"for":[9,27,52,111,148],"3D":[10,53],"object":[11,28,54,152],"detection":[12,55,131,153],"in":[13,20,154],"autonomous":[14,155],"vehicles,":[15],"offering":[16],"both":[17],"stable":[18],"perception":[19],"adverse":[21],"weather":[22],"and":[23,40,108],"high-density":[24,34],"point":[25,92],"clouds":[26,93],"shape":[29],"recognition.":[30],"However,":[31],"processing":[32],"such":[33],"data":[35],"demands":[36],"substantial":[37],"computational":[38],"resources":[39],"energy":[41,75,124],"consumption.":[42],"We":[43],"propose":[44],"SpikingRTNH,":[45],"the":[46,144],"first":[47],"spiking":[48,70],"neural":[49],"network":[50],"(SNN)":[51],"using":[56],"data.":[59],"By":[60],"replacing":[61],"conventional":[62],"ReLU":[63],"activation":[64],"functions":[65],"with":[66,105,120],"leaky":[67],"integrate-and-fire":[68],"(LIF)":[69],"neurons,":[71],"SpikingRTNH":[72,119],"achieves":[73],"significant":[74],"efficiency":[76],"gains.":[77],"Furthermore,":[78],"inspired":[79],"by":[80,126],"human":[81],"cognitive":[82],"processes,":[83],"we":[84],"introduce":[85],"biological":[86],"top-down":[87],"inference":[88],"(BTI),":[89],"which":[90],"processes":[91],"sequentially":[94],"from":[95],"higher":[96,109],"to":[97,133],"lower":[98,106],"densities.":[99],"This":[100],"approach":[101],"effectively":[102],"utilizes":[103],"points":[104],"noise":[107],"importance":[110],"detection.":[112],"Experiments":[113],"on":[114],"K-Radar":[115],"dataset":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"that":[118],"BTI":[121],"significantly":[122],"reduces":[123],"consumption":[125],"78%":[127],"while":[128],"achieving":[129],"comparable":[130],"performance":[132],"its":[134],"ANN":[135],"counterpart":[136],"(51.1%":[137],"AP3D,":[138],"57.0%":[139],"APBEV).":[140],"These":[141],"results":[142],"establish":[143],"viability":[145],"of":[146],"SNNs":[147],"energy-efficient":[149],"Radar-based":[151],"driving":[156],"systems.":[157],"All":[158],"codes":[159],"are":[160],"available":[161],"at":[162],"https://github.com/kaist-avelab/k-radar.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}