{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2789720329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2017.8317750","title":"Can small smart swappable battery EVs outperform gas powertrain economics?","display_name":"Can small smart swappable battery EVs outperform gas powertrain economics?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2789720329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2017.8317750","mag":"2789720329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2017.8317750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2017.8317750","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031347836","display_name":"Brian Subirana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3069-5275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Subirana","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Auto-ID Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Auto-ID Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072637914","display_name":"Matias Puig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matias Puig","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Auto-ID Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Auto-ID Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019788273","display_name":"Sanjay E. Sarma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2812-039X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Sarma","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Auto-ID Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Auto-ID Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.8163108825683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6917723417282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6658602952957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.505528450012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.33167675137519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25750696659088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.07852822542190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05671274662017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.054842859506607056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.8163108825683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6917723417282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6658602952957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.505528450012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33167675137519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25750696659088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07852822542190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05671274662017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.054842859506607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2017.8317750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2017.8317750","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491452507","https://openalex.org/W1965337017","https://openalex.org/W1969822829","https://openalex.org/W1983254652","https://openalex.org/W2000525593","https://openalex.org/W2009566243","https://openalex.org/W2021455734","https://openalex.org/W2023672749","https://openalex.org/W2027088946","https://openalex.org/W2029390460","https://openalex.org/W2054701121","https://openalex.org/W2060422862","https://openalex.org/W2063393231","https://openalex.org/W2065023467","https://openalex.org/W2076299670","https://openalex.org/W2079082996","https://openalex.org/W2094378114","https://openalex.org/W2111869218","https://openalex.org/W2365722996","https://openalex.org/W2520759589","https://openalex.org/W2733283580","https://openalex.org/W3023617207","https://openalex.org/W3123689865","https://openalex.org/W3125825357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2305303845","https://openalex.org/W2135333229","https://openalex.org/W1995622656","https://openalex.org/W2048826546","https://openalex.org/W4211193319","https://openalex.org/W2021638964","https://openalex.org/W3115542232","https://openalex.org/W2028162004","https://openalex.org/W1493361160","https://openalex.org/W2901375575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,38,71],"traffic":[4],"simulation":[5],"model":[6,55],"to":[7,11,26,43,66,78,107,121],"explore":[8],"an":[9],"alternative":[10],"the":[12,68,111,130,141,146],"EV":[13],"industry":[14],"bet":[15],"for":[16],"\u201clarge":[17],"battery":[18,50,63],"packs\u201d":[19],"(i.e.":[20],"tens":[21],"of":[22,70,113,145],"kwh)":[23],"which":[24],"continues":[25],"suffer":[27],"from":[28,36],"two":[29,147],"fundamental":[30],"lethal":[31],"flaws":[32,148],"that":[33,75,129],"prevent":[34],"it":[35],"getting":[37],"significant":[39],"penetration":[40],"as":[41,124,126],"compared":[42],"gasoline":[44,137],"vehicles:":[45],"range":[46],"anxiety":[47],"and":[48,62,117,120],"unused":[49],"life":[51],"sunk":[52],"costs.":[53],"The":[54,100],"integrates":[56],"driver":[57],"roaming":[58],"decisions,":[59],"infrastructure":[60],"layout,":[61],"pack":[64],"characteristics":[65],"study":[67],"performance":[69],"different":[72],"system":[73],"approach":[74,142],"could":[76],"lead":[77],"EVs":[79],"being":[80],"significantly":[81],"cheaper":[82],"than":[83],"ICE":[84],"(internal":[85],"combustion":[86],"engine)":[87],"vehicles,":[88],"simply":[89],"by":[90],"using":[91],"what":[92],"we":[93],"call":[94],"\u201csmart":[95],"small":[96,109],"swappable":[97],"batteries":[98],"(SSSB)\u201d.":[99],"basic":[101],"idea":[102],"behind":[103],"our":[104],"conjecture":[105],"is":[106],"use":[108],"(on":[110],"order":[112],"10kwh":[114],"or":[115],"less)":[116],"cheap":[118],"packs":[119],"swap":[122],"them":[123],"often":[125],"possible":[127],"so":[128],"per":[131],"mile":[132],"cost":[133],"falls":[134],"below":[135],"current":[136],"price":[138],"levels":[139],"while":[140],"has":[143],"neither":[144],"above.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}