{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981959312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877253","title":"Uplink Grant-Free Access Solutions for URLLC services in 5G New Radio","display_name":"Uplink Grant-Free Access Solutions for URLLC services in 5G New Radio","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981959312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877253","mag":"2981959312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011675848","display_name":"Nurul Huda Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1478-2272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Huda Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Wireless Communication, University of Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Wireless Communication, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058604794","display_name":"Renato Abreu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-0112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renato Abreu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078173609","display_name":"Ronald B\u00f6hnke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129353","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/038cdme44","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Bohnke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Research Center, Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Research Center, Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038859625","display_name":"Martin Schubert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-6533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129353","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/038cdme44","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Schubert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Research Center, Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Research Center, Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003566540","display_name":"Gilberto Berardinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-6750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilberto Berardinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026304211","display_name":"Thomas Jacobsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9034"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas H. Jacobsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011675848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9559,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":116,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98402145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"607","last_page":"612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.7709053754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.75687175989151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6907235383987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6434922814369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aloha","display_name":"Aloha","score":0.6113491058349609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5597114562988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5076769590377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handshake","display_name":"Handshake","score":0.4921988546848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.48712730407714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.463748037815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capture-effect","display_name":"Capture effect","score":0.4621250331401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.45550134778022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.32229703664779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.291001558303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2272987961769104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.7709053754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.75687175989151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6907235383987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6434922814369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776398200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508880","display_name":"Aloha","level":4,"score":0.6113491058349609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5597114562988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5076769590377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830043","display_name":"Handshake","level":3,"score":0.4921988546848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.48712730407714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.463748037815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187077762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5036976","display_name":"Capture effect","level":4,"score":0.4621250331401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.45550134778022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.32229703664779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.291001558303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2272987961769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2019120245248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019120245248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/dc3ba55c-05d2-4697-852f-15ffd88422e4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/dc3ba55c-05d2-4697-852f-15ffd88422e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mahmood , N H , Abreu , R B , Bohnke , R , Schubert , M , Berardinelli , G &amp; Jacobsen , T H 2019 , Uplink Grant-Free Access Solutions for URLLC services in 5G New Radio . in 2019 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS) . IEEE , International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS) , pp. 607-612 , 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS) , Oulu , Finland , 27/08/2019 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2019.8877253","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4623342593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ICT-760809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6702367668","display_name":"E2E-aware Optimizations and advancements for the Network Edge of 5G New Radio","funder_award_id":"760809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8031623632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"318927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922937245","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2126026248","https://openalex.org/W2597217735","https://openalex.org/W2780850105","https://openalex.org/W2784803756","https://openalex.org/W2788046754","https://openalex.org/W2792046898","https://openalex.org/W2796873235","https://openalex.org/W2914549166","https://openalex.org/W2919058785","https://openalex.org/W2964010919","https://openalex.org/W6759271508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2543616084","https://openalex.org/W4234150174","https://openalex.org/W2387139717","https://openalex.org/W2044408233","https://openalex.org/W2165006619","https://openalex.org/W3049179342","https://openalex.org/W4287689424","https://openalex.org/W2963987463","https://openalex.org/W1510448719","https://openalex.org/W3205585966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultra-reliable":[0],"low":[1,15,82],"latency":[2,41,83],"communication":[3,84],"requires":[4],"innovative":[5],"resource":[6,136],"management":[7],"solutions":[8,123],"that":[9],"can":[10,146],"guarantee":[11],"high":[12],"reliability":[13,59,132],"at":[14,47,156],"latency.":[16],"Grant-free":[17],"random":[18,72],"access,":[19],"where":[20,110],"channel":[21,56],"resources":[22],"are":[23,62,113],"accessed":[24],"without":[25],"undergoing":[26],"assignment":[27],"through":[28,115],"a":[29,148,166],"handshake":[30],"process,":[31],"is":[32],"proposed":[33,122,141],"in":[34,74,125,129],"5G":[35,75],"New":[36,76],"Radio":[37,77],"as":[38,133,135],"an":[39,48,68],"important":[40],"reducing":[42],"solution.":[43],"However,":[44],"this":[45],"comes":[46],"increased":[49],"likelihood":[50],"of":[51,70,118,131,151,160],"collisions":[52],"resulting":[53],"from":[54],"uncoordinated":[55],"access.":[57],"Novel":[58],"enhancement":[60],"techniques":[61],"therefore":[63],"needed.":[64],"This":[65],"article":[66],"provides":[67],"overview":[69],"grant-free":[71,104,171],"access":[73,109,144],"focusing":[78],"on":[79],"the":[80,100,116,140],"ultra-reliable":[81],"service":[85],"class,":[86],"and":[87],"presents":[88],"two":[89],"reliability-enhancing":[90],"solutions.":[91],"The":[92],"first":[93],"proposes":[94],"retransmissions":[95],"over":[96,169],"shared":[97],"resources,":[98],"whereas":[99],"second":[101],"proposal":[102],"incorporates":[103],"transmission":[105],"with":[106],"non-orthogonal":[107,142],"multiple":[108,143],"overlapping":[111],"transmissions":[112],"resolved":[114],"use":[117],"advanced":[119],"receivers.":[120],"Both":[121],"result":[124],"significant":[126,167],"performance":[127],"gains,":[128],"terms":[130],"well":[134],"efficiency.":[137],"For":[138],"example,":[139],"scheme":[145],"support":[147],"normalized":[149],"load":[150],"more":[152],"than":[153],"1.5":[154],"users/slot":[155],"packet":[157],"loss":[158],"rates":[159],"~":[161],"10":[162],"<sup":[163],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[164],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-5</sup>":[165],"improvement":[168],"conventional":[170],"schemes":[172],"like":[173],"slotted-ALOHA.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}