{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981843824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877182","title":"Impact of Concrete Moisture on Radio Propagation: Fundamentals and Measurements of Concrete Samples","display_name":"Impact of Concrete Moisture on Radio Propagation: Fundamentals and Measurements of Concrete Samples","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981843824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877182","mag":"2981843824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091780435","display_name":"Ari Asp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-4565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ari Asp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063317111","display_name":"Tuomo Hentil\u00e4","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuomo Hentila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054197935","display_name":"Mikko Valkama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Valkama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083432630","display_name":"Jussa Pikkuvirta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jussa Pikkuvirta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036672999","display_name":"Arto Hujanen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arto Hujanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052306496","display_name":"Ismo Huhtinen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismo Huhtinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091780435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66262968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"542","last_page":"547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12155","display_name":"Microwave Dielectric Ceramics Synthesis","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.8445541858673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.5857274532318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5621835589408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.5136677622795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.4994058609008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.47196710109710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4454449713230133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3560766279697418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.34328603744506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.34059035778045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.22936642169952393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1895696222782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18511873483657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15701434016227722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.12071114778518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11979648470878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10467895865440369}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.8445541858673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.5857274532318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5621835589408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.5136677622795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.4994058609008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.47196710109710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4454449713230133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3560766279697418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34328603744506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.34059035778045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.22936642169952393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1895696222782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18511873483657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15701434016227722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.12071114778518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11979648470878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10467895865440369}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/215485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/215485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W249857974","https://openalex.org/W275824736","https://openalex.org/W1597058801","https://openalex.org/W2026543612","https://openalex.org/W2056838189","https://openalex.org/W2102199213","https://openalex.org/W2129903907","https://openalex.org/W2517371993","https://openalex.org/W2759994678","https://openalex.org/W2895248084","https://openalex.org/W2903136240","https://openalex.org/W4245189987","https://openalex.org/W6755039785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062605435","https://openalex.org/W2273182195","https://openalex.org/W2186374051","https://openalex.org/W2377963109","https://openalex.org/W2022279172","https://openalex.org/W2352247021","https://openalex.org/W2145835458","https://openalex.org/W2059332403","https://openalex.org/W2066034608","https://openalex.org/W1990381203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"1960's":[1],"concrete":[2,20,40,64,108,133],"based":[3,69,94],"wall":[4],"panel":[5],"systems":[6],"have":[7],"become":[8],"more":[9],"popular":[10],"especially":[11,27],"in":[12,77],"multi-storey":[13],"residential":[14],"buildings.":[15],"The":[16,73],"main":[17],"components":[18],"of":[19,38,55,61,107,117,127,131],"are":[21,89],"water,":[22],"cement":[23],"and":[24,26,41,112],"aggregates":[25],"water-to-cement":[28],"ratio":[29],"has":[30],"a":[31,50],"significant":[32],"influence":[33],"on":[34,43,57,70,95],"the":[35,39,53,58,62,78,87,96,105,125,128,132],"pore":[36],"structure":[37],"therefore,":[42],"its":[44],"electrical":[45],"properties.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"presents":[49],"study":[51],"where":[52],"effect":[54],"moisture":[56],"RF":[59],"attenuation":[60,106],"outermost":[63,129],"sandwich":[65],"element":[66,134],"is":[67],"examined":[68],"material":[71],"samples.":[72],"frequency":[74],"range":[75],"used":[76],"measurements":[79],"was":[80],"7":[81],"GHz":[82],"to":[83],"13":[84],"GHz,":[85],"but":[86],"results":[88],"expandable":[90],"for":[91],"other":[92],"frequencies":[93,116],"stable":[97],"permittivity":[98],"value.":[99],"In":[100],"particular,":[101],"at":[102,114],"higher":[103],"frequencies,":[104],"layer":[109,130],"increases":[110],"rapidly":[111],"already":[113],"lower":[115],"5":[118],"<sup":[119],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">th</sup>":[121],"Generation":[122],"(5G)":[123],"networks,":[124],"wetting":[126],"can":[135],"cause":[136],"an":[137],"6-12":[138],"dB":[139],"additional":[140],"signal":[141],"attenuation.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}