{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981884823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877149","title":"Positioning and Tracking of High-speed Trains with Non-linear State Model for 5G and Beyond Systems","display_name":"Positioning and Tracking of High-speed Trains with Non-linear State Model for 5G and Beyond Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981884823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877149","mag":"2981884823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044609448","display_name":"Jukka Talvitie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-7666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jukka Talvitie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020697931","display_name":"Toni Levanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9248-0835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toni Levanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053302106","display_name":"Mike Koivisto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7677-6951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Koivisto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054197935","display_name":"Mikko Valkama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Valkama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044609448"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6021,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6964409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"309","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heading","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","score":0.7411527633666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.6633787155151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6462199687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6198070645332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5502948760986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.5371564030647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5211113095283508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4051942825317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.34698566794395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20365306735038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1876583993434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.10332971811294556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4384217","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.7411527633666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.6633787155151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6462199687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6198070645332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5502948760986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.5371564030647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5211113095283508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4051942825317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34698566794395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20365306735038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1876583993434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.10332971811294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2019.8877149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/215309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/215309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223616546","https://openalex.org/W2288833063","https://openalex.org/W2490436153","https://openalex.org/W2529402216","https://openalex.org/W2735745074","https://openalex.org/W2765955268","https://openalex.org/W2797817980","https://openalex.org/W2884363217","https://openalex.org/W2920092099","https://openalex.org/W2963830578","https://openalex.org/W2964265032","https://openalex.org/W6608920473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380293945","https://openalex.org/W1974812937","https://openalex.org/W1500522817","https://openalex.org/W3095239554","https://openalex.org/W1972023576","https://openalex.org/W3212409750","https://openalex.org/W4387088887","https://openalex.org/W2072053180","https://openalex.org/W1541088746","https://openalex.org/W2100592654"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-speed":[0],"trains":[1],"(HSTs)":[2],"with":[3,60,77],"fifth":[4],"generation":[5],"(5G)":[6],"communications":[7],"services,":[8,19],"including":[9,97],"both":[10],"high":[11,16],"rate":[12],"data":[13],"links":[14],"and":[15,55,91,104,168,177,192],"reliability":[17],"mission-critical":[18],"are":[20],"considered":[21],"as":[22],"one":[23],"of":[24,40,52,84,118,127,163],"the":[25,31,67,73,98,115,119,124,128,136,153,172,183,187],"new":[26,44],"industry":[27],"verticals":[28],"facilitated":[29],"by":[30,108,186],"5G":[32,43,62],"connectivity.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37,89,121,150],"study":[38],"positioning":[39,125,155],"HSTs":[41],"in":[42],"radio":[45],"(NR)":[46],"networks":[47],"based":[48],"on":[49,142,145],"time":[50],"difference":[51],"arrival":[53],"(TDoA)":[54],"angle-of-arrival":[56],"(AoA)":[57],"measurements,":[58],"obtained":[59],"specific":[61],"NR":[63],"reference":[64],"signals":[65],"at":[66],"millimeter":[68],"wave":[69],"(mmWave)":[70],"frequency.":[71],"Moreover,":[72],"HST":[74,129],"is":[75],"tracked":[76],"an":[78],"extended":[79],"Kalman":[80],"filter,":[81],"where,":[82],"instead":[83],"conventional":[85,137],"linear":[86,138],"state-transition":[87,95,139],"model,":[88,96],"propose":[90],"derive":[92],"a":[93,110,146],"non-linear":[94],"train":[99,102,105,173,175,178],"position,":[100,174],"absolute":[101],"velocity,":[103,176],"heading.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"introducing":[109],"state-dependent":[111],"process":[112],"variance":[113],"for":[114,171,189],"angular":[116],"velocity":[117],"train,":[120],"show":[122,151],"that":[123,152],"performance":[126],"can":[130,157],"be":[131],"significantly":[132],"improved":[133],"compared":[134],"to":[135],"modeling.":[140],"Based":[141],"realistic":[143],"simulations":[144],"real-life":[147],"high-speed":[148],"track,":[149],"proposed":[154],"engine":[156],"reach":[158],"95%":[159],"percentile":[160],"estimation":[161],"accuracies":[162],"2.3":[164],"m,":[165],"0.47":[166],"m/s,":[167],"1.6":[169],"deg,":[170],"heading,":[179],"respectively,":[180],"thus":[181],"fulfilling":[182],"requirements":[184],"specified":[185],"3GPP":[188],"machine":[190],"control":[191],"transportation":[193],"services.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}