{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416961893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ist66504.2025.11268443","title":"SynthPark: A Photorealistic Simulation Environment for Parking Occupancy Prediction","display_name":"SynthPark: A Photorealistic Simulation Environment for Parking Occupancy Prediction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416961893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ist66504.2025.11268443"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ist66504.2025.11268443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ist66504.2025.11268443","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118273538","display_name":"Andreas Valvis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Valvis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Production and Management Engineering,Xanthi,Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Production and Management Engineering,Xanthi,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075790092","display_name":"Vasiliki Balaska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-8552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasiliki Balaska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Production and Management Engineering,Xanthi,Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Production and Management Engineering,Xanthi,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026897735","display_name":"Ioannis Kansizoglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-6442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Kansizoglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Production and Management Engineering,Xanthi,Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Production and Management Engineering,Xanthi,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046214289","display_name":"Loukas Bampis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7764-4646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loukas Bampis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Xanthi,Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Xanthi,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084139328","display_name":"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-0332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Gasteratos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Production and Management Engineering,Xanthi,Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Democritus University of Thrace,Department of Production and Management Engineering,Xanthi,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44053539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.3402999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.3402999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.25369998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.09669999778270721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.6733999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6049000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.5185999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-survey","display_name":"Aerial survey","score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.44609999656677246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.6733999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6657999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6049000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.5185999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176262533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688034","display_name":"Aerial survey","level":2,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777427512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501349","display_name":"Parking lot","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ist66504.2025.11268443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ist66504.2025.11268443","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2171196813","https://openalex.org/W3006966821","https://openalex.org/W3034502457","https://openalex.org/W4387089031","https://openalex.org/W4387090443","https://openalex.org/W4387149276","https://openalex.org/W4401414888","https://openalex.org/W4406267758","https://openalex.org/W4409709894"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Towards":[0],"a":[1,11,101,157,163,168,194],"more":[2],"digitalized":[3],"and":[4,28,65,72,131,161,182,212],"automated":[5],"future,":[6],"recent":[7],"years":[8],"have":[9],"witnessed":[10],"significant":[12],"increase":[13],"in":[14,26,33,58,119],"the":[15,47,143,150,153],"deployment":[16],"of":[17,49,88,109,145,152,172],"Unmanned":[18],"Aerial":[19],"Vehicles":[20],"(UAVs)":[21],"across":[22],"various":[23],"domains,":[24],"particularly":[25,40],"surveillance":[27],"logistics.":[29],"However,":[30],"object":[31,71],"detection":[32,75],"obscure":[34],"environments":[35],"such":[36,54,208],"as":[37,55,209],"parking":[38,73,90,115],"lots,":[39],"for":[41,69,85,114,197],"trucks,":[42],"remains":[43],"challenging":[44],"due":[45],"to":[46,185],"scarcity":[48],"real-world":[50],"datasets.":[51],"Previous":[52],"datasets,":[53],"Common":[56],"Objects":[57],"Context":[59],"(COCO),":[60],"PASCAL-Visual":[61],"Object":[62],"Classes":[63],"(VOC),":[64],"PKLot,":[66],"are":[67],"valuable":[68],"general":[70],"occupancy":[74,116],"but":[76],"lack":[77],"aerial-view":[78],"truck":[79,89],"images,":[80],"thus":[81],"limiting":[82],"their":[83],"applicability":[84],"real-time":[86],"monitoring":[87],"availability":[91],"using":[92],"UAV":[93,187],"imagery.":[94],"To":[95],"that":[96,105,137,204],"end,":[97],"We":[98,148],"introduce":[99],"SynthPark,":[100],"photorealistic":[102],"digital-twin":[103],"environment":[104,154],"enables":[106],"scalable":[107],"generation":[108],"fully":[110],"labelled":[111],"aerial":[112],"imagery":[113],"studies.":[117],"Built":[118],"an":[120,201],"open-source":[121],"game":[122],"engine,":[123],"SynthPark":[124,192],"procedurally":[125],"varies":[126],"scene":[127],"layout,":[128],"illumination,":[129],"weather":[130],"camera":[132],"trajectory,":[133],"yielding":[134],"diverse":[135],"viewpoints":[136],"closely":[138],"mimic":[139],"field":[140],"deployments":[141],"without":[142],"cost":[144],"real":[146,186],"flights.":[147],"demonstrate":[149],"utility":[151],"by":[155],"exporting":[156],"synthetic":[158,180],"image":[159],"set":[160],"fine-tuning":[162],"YOLOv11":[164],"detector,":[165],"which":[166],"attains":[167],"mean":[169],"average":[170],"precision":[171],"$76.1":[173],"\\%\\left(\\mathbf{m":[174],"A":[175],"P}_{50:":[176],"95}\\right)$":[177],"on":[178],"held-out":[179],"frames":[181],"translates":[183],"favourably":[184],"footage.":[188],"Beyond":[189],"dataset":[190],"creation,":[191],"constitutes":[193],"reusable":[195],"test-bed":[196],"perception":[198],"algorithms,":[199],"contributing":[200],"environmental":[202],"benchmark":[203],"complements":[205],"existing":[206],"collections":[207],"COCO,":[210],"PASCAL-VOC":[211],"PKLot.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}