{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921046765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662532","title":"16.2 A 76fs<inf>rms</inf> Jitter and \u201340dBc Integrated-Phase-Noise 28-to-31GHz Frequency Synthesizer Based on Digital Sub-Sampling PLL Using Optimally Spaced Voltage Comparators and Background Loop-Gain Optimization","display_name":"16.2 A 76fs<inf>rms</inf> Jitter and \u201340dBc Integrated-Phase-Noise 28-to-31GHz Frequency Synthesizer Based on Digital Sub-Sampling PLL Using Optimally Spaced Voltage Comparators and Background Loop-Gain Optimization","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921046765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662532","mag":"2921046765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2019.8662532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059475583","display_name":"Juyeop Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-9344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juyeop Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021596926","display_name":"Heein Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2947-6999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heein Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014960258","display_name":"Younghyun Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-7236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younghyun Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068994388","display_name":"Yongsun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0654-9363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033919098","display_name":"Yoonseo Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-7929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoonseo Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029028989","display_name":"Taeho Seong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3181-2744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeho Seong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004599468","display_name":"Jaehyouk Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-8684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyouk Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.1419,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99536904,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"258","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.827558696269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.8179941177368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.7208400368690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5997724533081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5277034640312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5075034499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.49051088094711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4346040189266205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42288070917129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4171152114868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.386584997177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27561384439468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08670699596405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.08582919836044312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.827558696269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.8179941177368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.7208400368690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5997724533081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5277034640312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5075034499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.49051088094711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4346040189266205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42288070917129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4171152114868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.386584997177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27561384439468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08670699596405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.08582919836044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2019.8662532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:s-space.snu.ac.kr:10371/199401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10371/199401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401345","display_name":"Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/35053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/35053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"CONFERENCE"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971832007","https://openalex.org/W2054933520","https://openalex.org/W2317713607","https://openalex.org/W2791440917","https://openalex.org/W2791742617","https://openalex.org/W2794361151","https://openalex.org/W6699618280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994021281","https://openalex.org/W2139484866","https://openalex.org/W2474043983","https://openalex.org/W2008250178","https://openalex.org/W2566880546","https://openalex.org/W2078513307","https://openalex.org/W2544336511","https://openalex.org/W2144737022","https://openalex.org/W1978186604","https://openalex.org/W2124954209"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"generation":[1],"of":[2,18,49,70,82,98,104,139,203],"mm-wave":[3],"(mmW)":[4],"signals":[5,51,129],"that":[6,86,92,193,255],"have":[7,225,257],"ultra-low":[8],"phase":[9],"noise":[10,44,243],"(PN)":[11],"is":[12,143,187],"very":[13,66],"important":[14],"for":[15,22,126],"the":[16,46,79,102,133,136,148,153,162,168,201,222,241,247],"design":[17,87],"RF":[19],"transceivers":[20],"(TRXs)":[21],"high-data-rate":[23],"5G":[24],"systems.":[25],"Direct-RF-sampling":[26],"TRXs":[27],"also":[28],"require":[29],"high-frequency":[30],"clock":[31,91],"signals,":[32],"having":[33],"extremely":[34],"low":[35,67,197],"integrated":[36],"PN":[37,81,170,185],"(IPN)":[38],"[1].":[39],"To":[40,100,151,199],"satisfy":[41],"such":[42,105,206],"stringent":[43],"requirements,":[45],"rms":[47,68],"jitter":[48,69],"mmW-band":[50,128],"must":[52,251],"be":[53,159],"reduced":[54,144],"to":[55,77,220,239],"sub-100fs.":[56],"Recently,":[57],"a":[58,65,89,106,117,156,195,208,212],"charge-pump":[59],"(CP)":[60],"PLL":[61,83],"in":[62,237],"[1]":[63],"achieved":[64],"less":[71],"than":[72],"60fs":[73],"at":[74,179],"14GHz.":[75],"However,":[76,120,230],"suppress":[78],"in-band":[80,109,169],"building":[84],"blocks,":[85],"used":[88,160],"reference":[90],"had":[93],"an":[94,190],"impractically":[95],"high":[96,269],"frequency,fREF,":[97],"500MHz.":[99],"avoid":[101],"use":[103,252],"highfREFwhile":[107],"minimizing":[108],"PN,":[110,182],"sub-sampling":[111],"PLLs":[112],"(SSPLLs)":[113],"are":[114,123,176],"seen":[115],"as":[116,132,207],"promising":[118],"solution.":[119],"conventional":[121],"SSPLLs":[122,175,217,232],"not":[124],"suitable":[125],"generating":[127],"directly,":[130],"since,":[131],"frequency":[134],"increases,":[135],"capture":[137,154],"range":[138],"their":[140,184],"sampling":[141],"operation":[142],"rapidly,":[145],"thereby":[146],"hindering":[147],"reliable":[149],"operation.":[150],"extend":[152],"range,":[155],"prescaler":[157],"can":[158],"after":[161],"VCO":[163,192],"[2],":[164],"but":[165],"it":[166],"increases":[167],"and":[171,211,245,262,271],"power":[172,270],"consumption.":[173],"Direct-mmW":[174],"limited":[177],"even":[178],"suppressing":[180],"out-of-band":[181],"since":[183],"skirt":[186],"determined":[188],"by":[189],"mmW":[191],"has":[194],"relatively":[196],"Q.":[198],"overcome":[200],"problems":[202],"analog":[204],"SSPLLs,":[205],"large":[209],"area":[210],"PVT-sensitive":[213],"loop":[214],"gain,":[215],"digital":[216,231],"using":[218],"ADCs":[219,254],"digitize":[221],"sampled":[223],"voltage":[224],"been":[226],"developed":[227],"recently":[228],"[3].":[229],"suffer":[233],"from":[234],"another":[235],"problem":[236],"that,":[238],"reduce":[240],"quantization":[242],"(Q-noise)":[244],"improve":[246],"overall":[248],"IPN,":[249],"they":[250,267],"high-performance":[253],"concurrently":[256],"high-sampling":[258],"frequencies,":[259],"fine":[260],"resolutions,":[261],"wide":[263],"dynamic":[264],"ranges.":[265],"Thus,":[266],"demand":[268],"occupy":[272],"larger":[273],"area.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}