{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406265770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismar62088.2024.00101","title":"\u201cLooking\u201d into Attention Patterns in Extended Reality: An Eye Tracking-Based Study","display_name":"\u201cLooking\u201d into Attention Patterns in Extended Reality: An Eye Tracking-Based Study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406265770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismar62088.2024.00101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ismar62088.2024.00101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismar62088.2024.00101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113276431","display_name":"Zhehan Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1997-3043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhehan Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University,Department of Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University,Department of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098922848","display_name":"Ryleigh Byrne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryleigh Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036726336","display_name":"Maria Gorlatova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5477-7830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Gorlatova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96449784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"855","last_page":"864"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.6978999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.6978999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.6068000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6556650400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6480672955513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.4509503245353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4455467462539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.422711044549942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38242700695991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37040597200393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1852988600730896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6556650400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6480672955513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.4509503245353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4455467462539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.422711044549942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38242700695991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37040597200393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1852988600730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ismar62088.2024.00101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismar62088.2024.00101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172197285","https://openalex.org/W2991048842","https://openalex.org/W2750280393","https://openalex.org/W2355696739","https://openalex.org/W3158001554","https://openalex.org/W2771909920","https://openalex.org/W2957704286","https://openalex.org/W2028936041","https://openalex.org/W1990434954","https://openalex.org/W2158788032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"reality":[1,14],"(VR)":[2],"simulations":[3,39,171],"have":[4],"been":[5],"adopted":[6],"to":[7,49,118,206],"provide":[8,64],"controllable":[9],"environments":[10],"for":[11],"running":[12],"augmented":[13],"(AR)":[15],"experiments":[16],"in":[17,98,102,184,190],"diverse":[18],"scenarios.":[19],"However,":[20],"insufficient":[21],"research":[22],"has":[23],"explored":[24],"the":[25,85,131,144,150,158,173,207,211,214,218],"impact":[26,138],"of":[27,147,221],"AR":[28,99,132,174,191,215],"applications":[29,62],"on":[30,139,203],"users,":[31],"especially":[32],"their":[33],"attention":[34,52,124,141,187],"patterns,":[35],"and":[36,68,81,100,112,123,156,172,181,192,217],"whether":[37],"VR":[38,151,170,219],"accurately":[40],"replicate":[41],"these":[42],"effects.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"work,":[46],"we":[47,71,104],"propose":[48],"analyze":[50],"user":[51,91,120,186],"patterns":[53],"via":[54],"eye":[55,106],"tracking":[56,107],"during":[57,84],"XR":[58],"usage.":[59],"To":[60],"represent":[61],"that":[63,77,130,164],"both":[65],"helpful":[66],"guidance":[67],"irrelevant":[69],"information,":[70],"built":[72],"a":[73,135,167],"Sudoku":[74],"Helper":[75],"app":[76,133,152],"includes":[78],"visual":[79],"hints":[80],"potential":[82],"distractions":[83],"puzzle-solving":[86],"period.":[87],"We":[88],"conducted":[89,109],"two":[90],"studies":[92],"with":[93],"19":[94],"different":[95],"users":[96,159],"each":[97],"VR,":[101,193],"which":[103],"collected":[105],"data,":[108],"gaze-based":[110],"analysis,":[111],"trained":[113,202],"machine":[114],"learning":[115],"(ML)":[116],"models":[117,178,201],"predict":[119],"attentional":[121],"states":[122],"control":[125,188],"ability.":[126],"Our":[127,176],"results":[128],"show":[129],"had":[134],"statistically":[136],"significant":[137],"enhancing":[140],"by":[142],"increasing":[143],"fixated":[145,154],"proportion":[146],"time,":[148],"while":[149],"reduced":[153],"time":[155],"made":[157],"less":[160],"focused.":[161],"Results":[162],"indicate":[163],"there":[165],"is":[166],"discrepancy":[168],"between":[169,213],"experience.":[175],"ML":[177],"achieve":[179],"99.3%":[180],"96.3%":[182],"accuracy":[183],"predicting":[185],"ability":[189],"respectively.":[194],"A":[195],"noticeable":[196],"performance":[197],"drop":[198],"when":[199],"transferring":[200],"one":[204],"medium":[205],"other":[208],"further":[209],"highlights":[210],"gap":[212],"experience":[216],"simulation":[220],"it.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
