{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408897905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ism63611.2024.00007","title":"Generating and Evaluating Cursive Chinese Calligraphy by Semi-Classifying Style: A Case Study Using a Diffusion Model","display_name":"Generating and Evaluating Cursive Chinese Calligraphy by Semi-Classifying Style: A Case Study Using a Diffusion Model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408897905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ism63611.2024.00007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ism63611.2024.00007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ism63611.2024.00007","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081712226","display_name":"Yi-Chieh Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-5735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87354575","display_name":"National Chengchi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rqk8h36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Chieh Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chengchi University,Interdisciplinary Artificial Intelligence Center,Taipei,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chengchi University,Interdisciplinary Artificial Intelligence Center,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112285535","display_name":"Yi-Ming Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87354575","display_name":"National Chengchi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rqk8h36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Jung Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chengchi University,Department of Management Information Systems,Taipei,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chengchi University,Department of Management Information Systems,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39668026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calligraphy","display_name":"Calligraphy","score":0.9078304767608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive","display_name":"Cursive","score":0.9037727117538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.6670472621917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6535418033599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.4854167401790619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46892908215522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4602225720882416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.1699516475200653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.1387128233909607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526940114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12681","display_name":"Calligraphy","level":3,"score":0.9078304767608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.9037727117538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.6670472621917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6535418033599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.4854167401790619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46892908215522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4602225720882416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1699516475200653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.1387128233909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ism63611.2024.00007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ism63611.2024.00007","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44653168","https://openalex.org/W780036466","https://openalex.org/W2078179989","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W3007170103","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4385991139","https://openalex.org/W4393148042","https://openalex.org/W4402727293","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6853411961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388970091","https://openalex.org/W2368382255","https://openalex.org/W2367871479","https://openalex.org/W2386251578","https://openalex.org/W2350576333","https://openalex.org/W2385290378","https://openalex.org/W2353807867","https://openalex.org/W2372545222","https://openalex.org/W2363878519","https://openalex.org/W2394105601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"AI":[1],"offers":[2],"a":[3,50,117,158],"promising":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,68,131,200,237],"overcoming":[7],"the":[8,32,40,55,61,74,79,93,165,168,201,203,224],"challenges":[9],"of":[10,34,42,81,95,161,167,196,220,240],"optical":[11],"character":[12],"recognition":[13],"(OCR)":[14],"for":[15,120],"traditional":[16],"Chinese":[17,57],"cursive":[18,43,135],"calligraphy.":[19],"By":[20,64],"generating":[21],"text-image":[22],"data,":[23],"we":[24,48,171],"can":[25],"address":[26],"data":[27,234],"insufficiency":[28],"and":[29,60,77,98,113,115,151],"imbalance,":[30],"enhancing":[31],"effectiveness":[33],"deep":[35],"learning":[36,75],"models":[37,106],"in":[38,88,134,148,208],"capturing":[39],"variability":[41],"styles.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"study,":[47],"developed":[49],"text-to-text-content-image":[51],"generation":[52,239],"model":[53,142,205],"utilizing":[54],"Cursive":[56],"Calligraphy":[58],"Dataset":[59],"WordStylist":[62],"framework.":[63],"categorizing":[65],"images":[66],"according":[67],"style":[69,109,121,128,162,226],"characteristics,":[70],"our":[71],"method":[72,119],"reduces":[73],"curve":[76],"improves":[78],"quality":[80,166],"generated":[82,169],"artifacts":[83],"while":[84],"tackling":[85],"common":[86],"issues":[87],"handwritten":[89],"datasets,":[90],"such":[91],"as":[92,181,183,228],"absence":[94],"author":[96],"annotations":[97],"mixed":[99],"styles":[100],"without":[101],"proper":[102],"labeling.We":[103],"trained":[104],"three":[105],"with":[107,174,194],"varying":[108],"categories:":[110],"four-class,":[111],"eight-class,":[112],"sixteen-class,":[114],"introduced":[116],"semi-annotating":[118],"categorization.":[122],"Experimental":[123],"results":[124,187],"indicate":[125],"that":[126,214],"fewer":[127],"categories":[129],"lead":[130],"greater":[132],"variation":[133],"characters":[136,216,222,230],"within":[137,223],"each":[138],"class.":[139],"The":[140,186],"sixteen-class":[141],"exhibited":[143],"more":[144,152,232],"consistent":[145,193],"styles,":[146],"resulting":[147],"faster":[149],"convergence":[150],"stable":[153],"generation,":[154],"thereby":[155],"offering":[156],"users":[157],"broader":[159],"range":[160],"choices.To":[163],"evaluate":[164],"content,":[170],"employed":[172],"OCR-Embedding":[173,189],"Maximum":[175],"Mean":[176],"Discrepancy(MMD),":[177],"derived":[178],"from":[179,188,218],"CMMD,":[180],"well":[182],"expert":[184,197],"evaluations.":[185],"MMD":[190],"were":[191],"generally":[192],"those":[195],"assessments.":[198],"According":[199],"experts,":[202],"four-class":[204],"performed":[206],"best":[207],"zero-shot":[209,215,241],"sample":[210],"generation.":[211],"We":[212],"infer":[213],"benefit":[217],"features":[219],"other":[221],"same":[225],"class,":[227],"these":[229],"have":[231],"training":[233],"available,":[235],"contributing":[236],"improved":[238],"characters.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}