{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1599239871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.1995.521495","title":"The image gradient histogram and associated orientation signatures","display_name":"The image gradient histogram and associated orientation signatures","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1599239871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.1995.521495","mag":"1599239871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.1995.521495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.1995.521495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of ISCAS'95 - International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010830913","display_name":"A. Maccato","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Maccato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078360851","display_name":"R.J.P. deFigueiredo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.J.P. deFigueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010830913"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05276702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"239","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7703139781951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7353232502937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6820211410522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-histogram","display_name":"Image histogram","score":0.6453166007995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6384397745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.586288332939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-translation","display_name":"Image translation","score":0.5677870512008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5562044382095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5474545955657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-gradient","display_name":"Image gradient","score":0.5020520687103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-matching","display_name":"Histogram matching","score":0.4822855293750763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4743686616420746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44300946593284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-detection","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","score":0.41414526104927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.3199863135814667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3027452826499939}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7703139781951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7353232502937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6820211410522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62725073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771663","display_name":"Image histogram","level":5,"score":0.6453166007995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6384397745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.586288332939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779757391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292","display_name":"Image translation","level":3,"score":0.5677870512008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5562044382095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5474545955657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182037307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17039097","display_name":"Image gradient","level":5,"score":0.5020520687103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127449775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3785871","display_name":"Histogram matching","level":4,"score":0.4822855293750763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4743686616420746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44300946593284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126422989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","level":4,"score":0.41414526104927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.3199863135814667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3027452826499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.1995.521495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.1995.521495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of ISCAS'95 - International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299430311","https://openalex.org/W2036075744","https://openalex.org/W4206519171","https://openalex.org/W6610676456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066185872","https://openalex.org/W2588059426","https://openalex.org/W299080140","https://openalex.org/W2065866067","https://openalex.org/W2566825639","https://openalex.org/W2372961692","https://openalex.org/W2069088390","https://openalex.org/W2327240295","https://openalex.org/W4256469574","https://openalex.org/W2348415229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"conventional":[1],"image":[2,12,17,35,57,68],"intensity":[3],"histogram":[4,32],"has":[5],"played":[6],"a":[7,54,92],"major":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10],"some":[11],"processing":[13],"operations,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,36],"enhancement.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22,28,51],"introduce":[23,53],"two":[24],"related":[25],"concepts.":[26],"First,":[27],"define":[29],"the":[30,41,46,67,84],"gradient":[31,49],"of":[33,45,56,62,86],"an":[34,37],"entity":[38],"which":[39,65],"describes":[40],"(statistical)":[42],"orientation":[43,58],"properties":[44],"image.":[47,95],"Using":[48],"histograms,":[50],"then":[52],"class":[55],"signatures,":[59],"periodic":[60],"functions":[61],"one":[63],"variable":[64],"characterize":[66],"and":[69,73],"possess":[70],"useful":[71],"translation":[72],"scaling":[74],"invariance":[75],"properties.":[76],"Orientation":[77],"signatures":[78],"have":[79],"been":[80],"successfully":[81],"applied":[82],"to":[83],"problem":[85],"3D":[87],"object":[88],"attitude":[89],"determination":[90],"from":[91],"single":[93],"camera":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}