{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413146630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw66978.2025.00013","title":"Apple vs. Oranges: Evaluating the Apple Silicon M-Series SoCs for HPC Performance and Efficiency","display_name":"Apple vs. Oranges: Evaluating the Apple Silicon M-Series SoCs for HPC Performance and Efficiency","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413146630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw66978.2025.00013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipdpsw66978.2025.00013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw66978.2025.00013","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Paul H\u00fcbner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul H\u00fcbner","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Computer Science Department,Stockholm,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Computer Science Department,Stockholm,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082554131","display_name":"Andong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-2158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Computer Science Department,Stockholm,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Computer Science Department,Stockholm,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037069204","display_name":"Ivy Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-3583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivy Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Computer Science Department,Stockholm,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Computer Science Department,Stockholm,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081567285","display_name":"Stefano Markidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Markidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Computer Science Department,Stockholm,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Computer Science Department,Stockholm,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96931227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5431501269340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5345363616943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.458512544631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon","display_name":"Silicon","score":0.4186152219772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.321880966424942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.10169696807861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.0787445604801178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5431501269340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5345363616943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.458512544631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.4186152219772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.321880966424942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10169696807861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0787445604801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipdpsw66978.2025.00013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw66978.2025.00013","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,10,28,33,51,79,103,138,140,156,173],"architectural":[4],"features":[5],"and":[6,18,30,37,47,55,61,69,89,125,167,184],"performance":[7],"potential":[8,145],"of":[9,27,123],"Apple":[11,161],"Silicon":[12,162],"M-Series":[13,80,141,174],"SoCs":[14],"(M1,":[15],"M2,":[16],"M3,":[17],"M4)":[19],"for":[20,146],"HPC.":[21],"We":[22,45,64],"provide":[23],"a":[24,109,176,186],"detailed":[25],"review":[26],"CPU":[29],"GPU":[31,124],"designs,":[32],"unified":[34],"memory":[35,62,87,165],"architecture,":[36],"coprocessors":[38],"such":[39,154],"as":[40,155],"Advanced":[41],"Matrix":[42],"Extensions":[43],"(AMX).":[44],"design":[46],"develop":[48],"benchmarks":[49],"in":[50,93,134,163],"Metal":[52],"Shading":[53],"Language":[54],"Objective-C++":[56],"to":[57,84,98,112,180],"assess":[58],"FP32":[59,100],"computational":[60,94,168],"performance.":[63],"also":[65],"measure":[66],"power":[67],"consumption":[68,106],"efficiency":[70,122],"using":[71],"Apple\u2019s":[72],"powermetrics":[73],"tool.":[74],"Our":[75],"results":[76],"show":[77],"that":[78,172],"chips":[81,142],"offer":[82],"up":[83,97],"100":[85],"GB/s":[86],"bandwidth,":[88],"significant":[90],"generational":[91],"improvements":[92],"performance,":[95,169],"with":[96,115],"2.9":[99],"TFLOPS":[101],"on":[102,137],"M4.":[104],"Power":[105],"varies":[107],"from":[108],"few":[110],"Watts":[111],"10-20":[113],"Watts,":[114],"more":[116],"than":[117],"200":[118],"GFLOPS":[119],"per":[120],"Watt":[121],"accelerator":[126],"reached":[127],"by":[128],"all":[129],"four":[130],"chips.":[131],"Despite":[132],"limitations":[133],"FP64":[135],"support":[136],"GPU,":[139],"demonstrate":[143],"strong":[144],"energy-efficient":[147],"HPC":[148,152,182],"applications.":[149],"While":[150],"existing":[151],"solutions":[153],"Nvidia":[157],"Grace-Hopper":[158],"superchip":[159],"outperform":[160],"both":[164],"bandwidth":[166],"we":[170],"see":[171],"provides":[175],"competitive":[177],"power-efficient":[178],"alternative":[179],"traditional":[181],"architectures":[183],"represents":[185],"distinct":[187],"category":[188],"altogether":[189],"\u2013":[190],"forming":[191],"an":[192],"apples-to-oranges":[193],"comparison.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}