{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117487716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc66453.2025.11304683","title":"PBC-MWF: Robust Multi-Tab Website Fingerprinting via Interval-Aggregated Packet-Burst Counts","display_name":"PBC-MWF: Robust Multi-Tab Website Fingerprinting via Interval-Aggregated Packet-Burst Counts","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117487716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc66453.2025.11304683"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc66453.2025.11304683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc66453.2025.11304683","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121443922","display_name":"Yuhao Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhao Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121442397","display_name":"Zhen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102479482","display_name":"G. Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121141750","display_name":"Gaopeng Gou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaopeng Gou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020263150","display_name":"Junzheng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-1686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junzheng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101273712","display_name":"Yingchao Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingchao Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60709518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.7789000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6876999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.5924000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downstream","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3549000024795532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.7789000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7748000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6876999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.5924000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5303302","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","level":2,"score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc66453.2025.11304683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc66453.2025.11304683","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6707167625427246,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521422460","https://openalex.org/W2120702739","https://openalex.org/W2170085959","https://openalex.org/W2272516773","https://openalex.org/W2485000773","https://openalex.org/W2490879758","https://openalex.org/W2783301790","https://openalex.org/W2892381525","https://openalex.org/W2903379676","https://openalex.org/W2913901113","https://openalex.org/W2956281981","https://openalex.org/W2963704216","https://openalex.org/W2964602598","https://openalex.org/W2984717769","https://openalex.org/W3106813043","https://openalex.org/W3116203245","https://openalex.org/W3169619208","https://openalex.org/W3193903060","https://openalex.org/W3199126989","https://openalex.org/W4200365378","https://openalex.org/W4206289265","https://openalex.org/W4385080294","https://openalex.org/W4388856908","https://openalex.org/W4388858184","https://openalex.org/W4401508936","https://openalex.org/W4402727345","https://openalex.org/W4405181245","https://openalex.org/W4405183144","https://openalex.org/W4406859172","https://openalex.org/W4409156801"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Website":[0],"fingerprinting":[1],"(WF)":[2],"attacks":[3],"undermine":[4],"the":[5,16,27,34,88,101,192,197,203,210,217,246],"privacy":[6],"promised":[7],"by":[8,14,251],"anonymizing":[9],"networks":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"Tor":[13],"inferring":[15],"websites":[17],"a":[18,124,142,172],"user":[19],"visits":[20],"from":[21],"encrypted-traffic":[22],"side-channels.":[23],"Recent":[24],"criticisms":[25],"of":[26,103,175,205,221],"single-tab":[28],"assumption":[29],"have":[30],"shifted":[31],"attention":[32],"to":[33,145,156,214,253],"more":[35],"realistic":[36],"multi-tab":[37,47,218,234],"setting,":[38],"where":[39],"concurrent":[40],"page":[41],"loads":[42],"create":[43],"severe":[44],"noise.":[45,163],"Existing":[46],"studies":[48],"rely":[49],"on":[50,131,169,196,231,256,260],"direction":[51],"sequences":[52],"that":[53,67,139],"ignore":[54],"temporal":[55,116],"structure":[56,117],"and":[57,83,110,128,149,177,188,225,262],"therefore":[58],"provide":[59],"only":[60],"limited":[61],"discriminative":[62],"power.":[63],"Our":[64],"experiments":[65],"show":[66],"packet-level":[68],"timestamps":[69],"do":[70],"carry":[71],"extra":[72],"signal,":[73],"yet":[74],"their":[75],"raw":[76],"form":[77],"is":[78,194,209],"fragile":[79],"under":[80,266],"overlapping":[81],"tabs":[82,176],"timing-obfuscation":[84],"defences.":[85,229],"We":[86],"propose":[87],"PacketBurst":[89],"Counts":[90],"(PBC)":[91],"feature\u2014a$4":[92],"\\times":[93],"L$matrix":[94],"that,":[95],"for":[96],"each":[97],"time":[98],"interval,":[99],"stores":[100],"counts":[102],"upstream":[104,108],"packets,":[105,107],"downstream":[106,111],"bursts":[109],"bursts.":[112],"PBC":[113],"preserves":[114],"coarse":[115],"while":[118,160],"discarding":[119],"noisy":[120],"finegrained":[121],"timings,":[122],"striking":[123],"balance":[125],"between":[126],"expressiveness":[127],"robustness.":[129],"Building":[130],"PBC,":[132],"we":[133,181],"design":[134],"PBC-MWF,":[135],"an":[136,152],"end-to-end":[137],"framework":[138,213],"(i)":[140],"uses":[141],"residual":[143],"CNN":[144],"learn":[146],"local":[147],"embeddings":[148],"(ii)":[150],"applies":[151],"adaptive":[153],"sparse":[154],"transformer":[155],"capture":[157],"global":[158],"correlations":[159],"suppressing":[161],"tab-overlap":[162],"Unlike":[164],"prior":[165,248],"work,":[166],"which":[167],"evaluates":[168],"datasets":[170,184,235],"with":[171,185],"fixed":[173],"number":[174],"reports":[178],"top-k":[179],"accuracy,":[180],"additionally":[182],"merge":[183],"varying":[186],"tab-count":[187],"perform":[189],"threshold-based":[190],"inference;":[191],"threshold":[193],"tuned":[195],"validation":[198],"set":[199],"before":[200],"testing.":[201],"To":[202],"best":[204,247],"our":[206],"knowledge,":[207],"PBCMWF":[208],"first":[211],"WF":[212,228],"simultaneously":[215],"address":[216],"setting's":[219],"challenges":[220],"fine-grained":[222],"webpage":[223],"identification":[224],"resilience":[226],"against":[227,241],"Evaluations":[230],"three":[232],"public":[233],"demonstrate":[236],"PBC-MWF's":[237],"enhanced":[238],"robustness:":[239],"compared":[240],"nine":[242],"baselines,":[243],"it":[244],"surpasses":[245],"method-improving":[249],"F1":[250],"up":[252],"12.4":[254],"%":[255,259,265],"site-level,":[257],"8.4":[258],"page-level,":[261],"over":[263],"10":[264],"defenses.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-12-29T00:00:00"}