{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1623194624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280518","title":"Interval-valued symbolic representation based method for off-line signature verification","display_name":"Interval-valued symbolic representation based method for off-line signature verification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1623194624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280518","mag":"1623194624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280518","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/125375","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033767760","display_name":"Srikanta Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-3524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srikanta Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ICT, Griffith University, Australia","School of ICT, Griffith University Australia,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ICT, Griffith University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ICT, Griffith University Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011881826","display_name":"Alireza Alaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1669-2606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110017253","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tours","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwzvj46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110017253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129154","display_name":"Services d\u00e9concentr\u00e9s d'appui \u00e0 la recherche Val de Loire","ror":"https://ror.org/03ntmtb29","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210129154"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Alaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite de Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, FR","Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais, Tours, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, FR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110017253","https://openalex.org/I4210129154"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais, Tours, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110017253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068803496","display_name":"Umapada Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umapada Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["CVPR Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","CVPR Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CVPR Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CVPR Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045600512","display_name":"Michael Blumenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9908-3744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Blumenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ICT, Griffith University, Australia","School of ICT, Griffith University Australia,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ICT, Griffith University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ICT, Griffith University Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7156171202659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.6688944101333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5979548096656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.549774706363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5297288298606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5017352104187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.46487051248550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4597468972206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-data-analysis","display_name":"Symbolic data analysis","score":0.45486775040626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4327360689640045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4311133027076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4189237058162689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40026965737342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3485656976699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34129172563552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.11775299906730652}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7156171202659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6688944101333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5979548096656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.549774706363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5297288298606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5017352104187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46487051248550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4597468972206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65620979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661176","display_name":"Symbolic data analysis","level":2,"score":0.45486775040626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4327360689640045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4311133027076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4189237058162689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40026965737342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3485656976699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34129172563552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.11775299906730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280518","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/125375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/125375","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/125375","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference output"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.scu.edu.au:bus_tourism_pubs-2005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epubs.scu.edu.au/bus_tourism_pubs/988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196949","display_name":"Southern Cross Research Portal (Southern Cross University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66809481","host_organization_name":"Southern Cross University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66809481"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"School of Business and Tourism","raw_type":"presentation"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/125375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/125375","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/125375","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference output"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1623194624.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525230573","https://openalex.org/W1526471231","https://openalex.org/W1546044829","https://openalex.org/W1575402736","https://openalex.org/W1648388060","https://openalex.org/W1818652104","https://openalex.org/W1987529112","https://openalex.org/W2015043702","https://openalex.org/W2028164392","https://openalex.org/W2048916794","https://openalex.org/W2068597697","https://openalex.org/W2073008222","https://openalex.org/W2090736285","https://openalex.org/W2102882759","https://openalex.org/W2105571589","https://openalex.org/W2117283015","https://openalex.org/W2122624453","https://openalex.org/W2123616959","https://openalex.org/W2132680427","https://openalex.org/W2144435780","https://openalex.org/W2278849647","https://openalex.org/W2293322523","https://openalex.org/W6634351624","https://openalex.org/W6679991515","https://openalex.org/W6697027843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1671124163","https://openalex.org/W2168674042","https://openalex.org/W2535275505","https://openalex.org/W3030774134","https://openalex.org/W2104499293","https://openalex.org/W2102771100","https://openalex.org/W2082057679","https://openalex.org/W223898368","https://openalex.org/W2079894723","https://openalex.org/W2362463749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,94],"objective":[1],"of":[2,77,80,122,146,159,166],"this":[3,92,137],"investigation":[4],"is":[5,50,86,132],"to":[6,38,112],"present":[7],"an":[8,46,61],"interval-symbolic":[9],"representation":[10,97],"based":[11,98],"method":[12,99],"for":[13,52,72,104,134],"offline":[14],"signature":[15,70,105,119,140],"verification.":[16],"In":[17],"the":[18,42,89,114,142],"feature":[19,44,54,153],"extraction":[20],"stage,":[21],"Connected":[22],"Components":[23],"(CC),":[24],"Enclosed":[25],"Regions":[26],"(ER),":[27],"Basic":[28],"Features":[29],"(BF)":[30],"and":[31,127,164,175],"Curvelet":[32],"Feature":[33],"(CF)-based":[34],"approaches":[35],"are":[36],"used":[37,103],"characterize":[39],"signatures.":[40,110],"Considering":[41],"extracted":[43,55],"vectors,":[45],"interval":[47,81],"data":[48],"value":[49],"created":[51],"each":[53,73],"from":[56],"every":[57],"individual's":[58],"signatures":[59,126],"as":[60,88],"interval-valued":[62,95],"symbolic":[63,96],"data.":[64],"This":[65],"process":[66],"results":[67],"in":[68,91],"a":[69,78,117,151],"model":[71],"individual":[74],"that":[75],"consists":[76],"set":[79,154],"values.":[82],"A":[83],"similarity":[84],"measure":[85],"proposed":[87,115],"classifier":[90],"paper.":[93],"has":[100],"never":[101],"been":[102],"verification":[106,144],"considering":[107,155],"Indian":[108],"script":[109],"Therefore,":[111],"evaluate":[113],"method,":[116],"Hindi":[118,139],"database":[120],"consisting":[121],"2400":[123],"(100\u00d724)":[124],"genuine":[125],"3000":[128],"(100\u00d730)":[129],"skilled":[130],"forgeries":[131],"employed":[133],"experimentation.":[135],"Concerning":[136],"large":[138],"dataset,":[141],"highest":[143],"accuracy":[145],"91.83%":[147],"was":[148],"obtained":[149],"on":[150],"joint":[152],"all":[156],"four":[157],"sets":[158],"features,":[160],"while":[161],"2.5%,":[162],"13.84%":[163],"8.17%":[165],"FAR":[167],"(False":[168,172],"Acceptance":[169],"Rate),":[170,174],"FRR":[171],"Rejection":[173],"AER":[176],"(Average":[177],"Error":[178],"Rate)":[179],"were":[180],"achieved,":[181],"respectively.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
