{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106685661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634289","title":"An EEG-based subject- and session-independent drowsiness detection","display_name":"An EEG-based subject- and session-independent drowsiness detection","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106685661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634289","mag":"2106685661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058936239","display_name":"Chin\u2010Teng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-8197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Teng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Control Engineering and Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Dep. of Electr. & Control Eng. & Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ, Hsinchu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Control Engineering and Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Electr. & Control Eng. & Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ, Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103224090","display_name":"Nikhil R. Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-901X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil R. Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Calcutta, India","Dep. of Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsinchu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Calcutta, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019222056","display_name":"Chien-Yao Chuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Yao Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","Dep. of Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsinchu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055443847","display_name":"Tzyy\u2010Ping Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzyy-Ping Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Control Engineering and Brain Research Center, National Chiao-Tung University and Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","Dep. of Electr. & Control Eng. & Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ, Hsinchu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Control Engineering and Brain Research Center, National Chiao-Tung University and Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Electr. & Control Eng. & Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ, Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064879657","display_name":"Li\u2010Wei Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2529-3391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Wei Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Control Engineering and Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","Dep. of Electr. & Control Eng. & Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ, Hsinchu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Control Engineering and Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Electr. & Control Eng. & Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ, Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088858042","display_name":"Sheng\u2010Fu Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-5017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Fu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain Research Center, National Chiao-Tung University and the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Dep. of Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsinchu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain Research Center, National Chiao-Tung University and the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Brain Res. Center, Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058936239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69897618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"3448","last_page":"3454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.7994210720062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7564984560012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6585693359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5334228277206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.5173908472061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4362950623035431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3234255909919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19405308365821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.09168067574501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.06866103410720825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.7994210720062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7564984560012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6585693359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5334228277206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5173908472061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4362950623035431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3234255909919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19405308365821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09168067574501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.06866103410720825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112198602","https://openalex.org/W1540596182","https://openalex.org/W1921738475","https://openalex.org/W1971331662","https://openalex.org/W1973613120","https://openalex.org/W1996355918","https://openalex.org/W1999269011","https://openalex.org/W2000031724","https://openalex.org/W2005305331","https://openalex.org/W2011055801","https://openalex.org/W2020009149","https://openalex.org/W2040700600","https://openalex.org/W2046002721","https://openalex.org/W2048721365","https://openalex.org/W2056108528","https://openalex.org/W2076167842","https://openalex.org/W2082137269","https://openalex.org/W2092254724","https://openalex.org/W2096609934","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2105909330","https://openalex.org/W2108384452","https://openalex.org/W2109762095","https://openalex.org/W2118492722","https://openalex.org/W2121614598","https://openalex.org/W2126666959","https://openalex.org/W2133892568","https://openalex.org/W2141031857","https://openalex.org/W2148500679","https://openalex.org/W2286482604","https://openalex.org/W2546699185","https://openalex.org/W3119652684","https://openalex.org/W4239272157","https://openalex.org/W6651901713","https://openalex.org/W6787891113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4230197055","https://openalex.org/W4296749040","https://openalex.org/W621808327","https://openalex.org/W644007644","https://openalex.org/W2497198634","https://openalex.org/W3012257603","https://openalex.org/W1586784764","https://openalex.org/W4292264782","https://openalex.org/W1559289099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"and":[1,6,26,123,137,155,165,185,203,240],"predicting":[2],"human":[3,282],"cognitive":[4,27,34,75,148,279],"state":[5,149,175,280],"performance":[7,154],"using":[8,179],"physiological":[9],"signals":[10],"such":[11,101],"as":[12],"Electroencephalogram":[13],"(EEG)":[14],"have":[15,36,78],"recently":[16],"gained":[17],"increasing":[18],"attention":[19],"in":[20,52,74,107,134,145,182,200,216,236,262,284],"the":[21,40,47,104,131,135,146,173,177,183,197,201,207,214,217,233,237,244,263,278],"fields":[22],"of":[23,33,58,176,196,223,230,232,255,277,281],"brain-computer":[24],"interface":[25],"neuroscience.":[28],"Most":[29],"previous":[30],"psychophysiological":[31],"studies":[32],"changes":[35,73,144,215],"attempted":[37],"to":[38,56,70,82,95,110,118,213,270],"use":[39,226],"same":[41],"model":[42,86,171],"for":[43,62,87,97,172,221,274],"all":[44],"subjects.":[45],"However,":[46,100],"relatively":[48],"large":[49],"individual":[50,89,98],"variability":[51,106],"EEG":[53,108,132,180,198,234],"dynamics":[54,109],"relating":[55],"loss":[57],"alertness":[59],"suggests":[60],"that":[61,130,190,248],"many":[63],"operators,":[64],"group":[65],"statistics":[66],"cannot":[67],"be":[68,111,115],"used":[69],"accurately":[71],"predict":[72],"states.":[76],"Attempts":[77],"also":[79],"been":[80],"made":[81],"build":[83],"a":[84,170,227,271],"subject-dependent":[85],"each":[88],"based":[90],"on":[91],"his/her":[92],"pilot":[93],"data":[94],"account":[96],"variability.":[99],"methods":[102],"assume":[103],"cross-session":[105],"negligible,":[112],"which":[113],"could":[114,268],"problematic":[116],"due":[117],"electrode":[119],"displacements,":[120],"environmental":[121],"noises,":[122],"skin-electrode":[124],"impedance.":[125],"Here":[126],"first":[127],"we":[128,168,225],"show":[129],"power":[133,181,199,235],"alpha":[136,184,202,238],"theta":[138,186,204,241],"bands":[139,205],"are":[140,211],"strongly":[141],"correlated":[142,212],"with":[143,251],"subject\u2019s":[147,252,259],"reflected":[150],"through":[151],"his":[152,157],"driving":[153,218,264],"hence":[156],"departure":[158],"from":[159,206,243],"alertness.":[160],"Then":[161],"under":[162],"very":[163],"mild":[164],"realistic":[166],"assumptions":[167],"derive":[169],"alert":[174,209,246],"person":[178],"bands.":[187],"We":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"deviations":[191,231],"(computed":[192],"by":[193,258],"Mahalanobis":[194],"distance)":[195],"corresponding":[208],"models":[210,247],"performance.":[219],"Finally,":[220],"detection":[222],"drowsiness":[224],"linear":[228],"combination":[229],"band":[239,242],"respective":[245],"best":[249],"correlates":[250],"changing":[253],"level":[254],"alertness,":[256],"indexed":[257],"behavioral":[260],"response":[261],"task.":[265],"This":[266],"approach":[267],"lead":[269],"practical":[272],"system":[273],"noninvasive":[275],"monitoring":[276],"operators":[283],"attention-critical":[285],"settings.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
