{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056204640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137766","title":"The Lockheed programmable analog neural network processor","display_name":"The Lockheed programmable analog neural network processor","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056204640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137766","mag":"2056204640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137766","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036052855","display_name":"William A. Fisher","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W.A. Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Physics Group, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Physics Group, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021417294","display_name":"R. FUJIMOTO","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.J. Fujimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Physics Group, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Physics Group, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024752949","display_name":"M. Okamura","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.M. Okamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Physics Group, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Physics Group, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036052855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5189,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73529872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"563","last_page":"568 vol.2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breadboard","display_name":"Breadboard","score":0.9204705357551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6381587982177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5808989405632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.5200983285903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.49587830901145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-computer","display_name":"Analog computer","score":0.47997379302978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.37864285707473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3014325499534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26573771238327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23349294066429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1832946240901947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1254192292690277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14116294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174334","display_name":"Breadboard","level":2,"score":0.9204705357551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6381587982177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5808989405632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.5200983285903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49587830901145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90915687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63759","display_name":"Analog computer","level":2,"score":0.47997379302978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.37864285707473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3014325499534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26573771238327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23349294066429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1832946240901947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1254192292690277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137766","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986946092","https://openalex.org/W2045760348","https://openalex.org/W2102227134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2529103764","https://openalex.org/W4210932496","https://openalex.org/W4205956696","https://openalex.org/W2486764712","https://openalex.org/W2505363616","https://openalex.org/W2773944788","https://openalex.org/W4234696731","https://openalex.org/W3175085777","https://openalex.org/W2045450729","https://openalex.org/W2156049475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"analog":[1,63],"neural":[2,32],"network":[3,25,33],"breadboard":[4],"consisting":[5],"of":[6,23,31,38,45,51,65],"2048":[7],"5-b":[8],"programmable":[9,53],"synaptic":[10],"weights":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"constructed":[14],"and":[15],"is":[16,26,48,68],"currently":[17],"under":[18],"test.":[19],"The":[20,43,62],"first":[21],"use":[22],"the":[24,29,36,46,66],"to":[27,35],"study":[28],"application":[30],"learning":[34],"problem":[37],"real-time":[39],"adaptive":[40],"mirror":[41],"control.":[42],"heart":[44],"system":[47,67],"an":[49],"array":[50],"custom":[52],"synapse":[54],"(resistor)":[55],"chips":[56],"on":[57],"a":[58],"reconfigurable":[59],"neuron":[60],"board.":[61],"bandwidth":[64],"90":[69],"kHz":[70]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}