{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143130517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779441","title":"Predicting L-band Microwave Attenuation through Forest Canopy using Directional Structuring Elements and Airborne Lidar","display_name":"Predicting L-band Microwave Attenuation through Forest Canopy using Directional Structuring Elements and Airborne Lidar","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143130517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779441","mag":"2143130517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2008.4779441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779441","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077220293","display_name":"William Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-9745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. C. Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004788572","display_name":"P. W. Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. W. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026816152","display_name":"K. Clint Slatton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.C. Slatton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101651182","display_name":"Ramesh Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-6323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. L. Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091691756","display_name":"W.E. Carter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.E. Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061566352","display_name":"H. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7159-5236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"III ","last_page":" 688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12729","display_name":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8285653591156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.6996235251426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6498296856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6038273572921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5442276000976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5335519909858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.5271510481834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.4714839458465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4262066185474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4220707416534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.42173486948013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28464165329933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2805630564689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.26619014143943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19759774208068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08504980802536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08011272549629211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8285653591156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.6996235251426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6498296856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6038273572921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5442276000976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5335519909858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5271510481834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.4714839458465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4262066185474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4220707416534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.42173486948013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28464165329933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2805630564689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.26619014143943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19759774208068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08504980802536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08011272549629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2008.4779441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779441","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519920691","https://openalex.org/W1558470758","https://openalex.org/W1993758675","https://openalex.org/W2139736245","https://openalex.org/W2161285839","https://openalex.org/W2162795014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045211767","https://openalex.org/W2056219210","https://openalex.org/W2383716249","https://openalex.org/W23916517","https://openalex.org/W4386506415","https://openalex.org/W2497950047","https://openalex.org/W1998329507","https://openalex.org/W2053112303","https://openalex.org/W3004500891","https://openalex.org/W3208027284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,110,153],"L-band":[1,180],"signals":[2,77,92],"broadcast":[3],"by":[4,9,80],"GPS":[5,76,91,151],"satellites":[6],"are":[7],"attenuated":[8],"vegetation,":[10],"making":[11],"it":[12],"problematic,":[13],"if":[14],"not":[15],"impossible,":[16],"to":[17,50,71,144,160],"predict":[18,146],"the":[19,22,32,37,55,65,73,84,89,117,125,131,137,147,150,175],"performance":[20],"of":[21,31,36,59,67,75,88,112,119,130,149,155,163,177],"system":[23],"in":[24,78,83,166],"forested":[25,60,167],"areas":[26],"without":[27],"some":[28],"quantitative":[29],"measure":[30],"structure":[33,56,99,127],"and":[34,52,57,100,128,133,171,174],"density":[35,58,101,129],"local":[38,126],"forest":[39],"canopy.":[40],"Airborne":[41],"laser":[42],"swath":[43],"mapping":[44],"(ALSM)":[45],"observations":[46],"can":[47,141],"be":[48,142],"used":[49,143],"rapidly":[51],"remotely":[53],"sample":[54],"areas.":[61],"We":[62],"report":[63],"here":[64],"results":[66,111,154],"a":[68],"study":[69,114],"performed":[70],"determine":[72],"attenuation":[74,148],"forests,":[79],"correlating":[81],"changes":[82],"signal-to-noise":[85],"ratio":[86],"(SNR)":[87],"received":[90],"under":[93],"different":[94],"canopies,":[95],"using":[96],"three":[97],"dimensional":[98],"information":[102],"about":[103],"each":[104],"canopy":[105],"derived":[106],"from":[107,179],"ALSM":[108,138],"observations.":[109],"this":[113,156],"verify":[115],"that":[116],"loss":[118],"signal":[120],"is":[121],"strongly":[122],"correlated":[123],"with":[124],"forest,":[132],"we":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"how":[136],"point":[139],"cloud":[140],"better":[145],"signals.":[152],"research":[157],"also":[158],"pertain":[159],"other":[161],"modes":[162],"microwave":[164],"transmission":[165],"areas,":[168],"including":[169],"satellite":[170],"cellular":[172],"telephony,":[173],"estimation":[176],"biomass":[178],"radar.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}