{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974223460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840574","title":"Towards 25+Gbps\u03bb IM-DD PON: NRZ, Duobinary, PAM4, and DMT Transmission and Optical Budget Comparison","display_name":"Towards 25+Gbps\u03bb IM-DD PON: NRZ, Duobinary, PAM4, and DMT Transmission and Optical Budget Comparison","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974223460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840574","mag":"2974223460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2019.8840574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068077317","display_name":"Aleksejs Uda\u013ccovs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3754-0265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800664555","display_name":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden","ror":"https://ror.org/03nnxqz81","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alekejs Udalcovs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netoworking and Transmission Laboratory, RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB, Kista, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netoworking and Transmission Laboratory, RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB, Kista, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388588","display_name":"Lu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9567-155X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097443897","display_name":"Anders Djupsj\u00f6back","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800664555","display_name":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden","ror":"https://ror.org/03nnxqz81","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Djupsj\u00f6back","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netoworking and Transmission Laboratory, RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB, Kista, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netoworking and Transmission Laboratory, RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB, Kista, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042616610","display_name":"Shilin Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-782X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilin Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401002","display_name":"Jiajia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6989-9048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059073408","display_name":"Sergei Popov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-8085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergei Popov","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031782271","display_name":"Oskars Ozoli\u0146\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9839-7488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800664555","display_name":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden","ror":"https://ror.org/03nnxqz81","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"oskars Ozolins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netoworking and Transmission Laboratory, RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB, Kista, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netoworking and Transmission Laboratory, RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB, Kista, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068077317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09227078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-optical-network","display_name":"Passive optical network","score":0.7196469306945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5800744295120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4813190698623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4690827429294586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.45361849665641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45254939794540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.4499892592430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-network","display_name":"Access network","score":0.44383159279823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-modulation","display_name":"Intensity modulation","score":0.4279438853263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-performance-monitoring","display_name":"Optical performance monitoring","score":0.4168919324874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3301030993461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.27020466327667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24113914370536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2292318046092987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-modulation","display_name":"Phase modulation","score":0.1903577446937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.16780129075050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14799484610557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.10937905311584473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204827203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027795","display_name":"Passive optical network","level":4,"score":0.7196469306945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5800744295120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4813190698623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4690827429294586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.45361849665641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45254939794540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4499892592430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.44383159279823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48925448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044344","display_name":"Intensity modulation","level":4,"score":0.4279438853263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26840048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098880","display_name":"Optical performance monitoring","level":4,"score":0.4168919324874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3301030993461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.27020466327667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24113914370536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2292318046092987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.1903577446937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.16780129075050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14799484610557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.10937905311584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2019.8840574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2300518202","https://openalex.org/W2138249884","https://openalex.org/W3135181668","https://openalex.org/W2375429386","https://openalex.org/W2368198970","https://openalex.org/W1560774471","https://openalex.org/W2304675942","https://openalex.org/W2209575654","https://openalex.org/W2387340617","https://openalex.org/W2980171281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"infrastructure":[1],"providers":[2],"are":[3,72],"expanding":[4],"their":[5],"portfolio":[6],"to":[7,36],"offer":[8],"a":[9,98],"sustainable":[10],"solution":[11],"for":[12],"beyond":[13],"10":[14],"Gbps":[15,39],"in":[16,30,81,105],"optical":[17,33,93,113],"access":[18],"network":[19],"segment,":[20],"we":[21,44,89],"compare":[22],"experimentally":[23],"several":[24],"alternatives":[25],"that":[26,115],"may":[27,116],"be":[28],"used":[29],"future":[31],"passive":[32],"networks":[34],"(PONs)":[35],"deliver":[37],"25+":[38],"net-rates.":[40],"As":[41],"promising":[42],"candidates,":[43],"consider":[45],"the":[46,54,78,92,109,119],"intensity":[47],"modulation":[48,56,64],"direct":[49],"detection":[50],"(IM-DD)":[51],"systems":[52],"employing":[53],"following":[55],"formats:":[57],"(i)":[58],"duobinary,":[59],"(ii)":[60],"4-level":[61],"pulse":[62],"amplitude":[63],"(PAM4),":[65],"and":[66,107],"(iii)":[67],"discrete":[68],"multitone":[69],"(DMT),":[70],"which":[71],"all":[73],"more":[74],"bandwidth":[75],"efficient":[76],"than":[77],"non-return-to-zero":[79],"(NRZ)":[80],"current":[82],"10G":[83],"PON":[84],"solutions.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87],"paper,":[88],"focus":[90],"on":[91],"budget":[94],"after":[95],"transmission":[96],"over":[97],"20":[99],"km":[100],"single-mode":[101],"fiber":[102],"(SMF)":[103],"link":[104],"C-band":[106],"discuss":[108],"intrinsic":[110],"imperfections":[111],"of":[112],"components":[114],"significantly":[117],"reduce":[118],"received":[120],"signal":[121],"quality.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}