{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2887189161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473955","title":"Variable Data Rate for Free Space Optical Low Earth Orbit Downlinks (OLEODL)","display_name":"Variable Data Rate for Free Space Optical Low Earth Orbit Downlinks (OLEODL)","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2887189161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473955","mag":"2887189161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2018.8473955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473955","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052890473","display_name":"Amita Shrestha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amita Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V., We\u00dfling, Germany","Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V., We\u00dfling, 82234, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V., We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V., We\u00dfling, 82234, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037004681","display_name":"Dirk Giggenbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-3464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Giggenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V., We\u00dfling, Germany","Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V., We\u00dfling, 82234, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V., We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V., We\u00dfling, 82234, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044526073","display_name":"Norbert Hanik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0329-1091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Hanik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052890473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71289149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"272","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.633868932723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6197257041931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillation","display_name":"Scintillation","score":0.5941537022590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5899276733398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.58887779712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.5844154953956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geocentric-orbit","display_name":"Geocentric orbit","score":0.509399950504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earths-orbit","display_name":"Earth's orbit","score":0.5009346008300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.49153098464012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47762531042099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.43770545721054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4119490087032318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.35858774185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.3347841799259186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.33343052864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26782912015914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2419501543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23217055201530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1698426902294159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.1648387610912323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.633868932723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6197257041931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102637530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078889","display_name":"Scintillation","level":3,"score":0.5941537022590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5899276733398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.58887779712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.5844154953956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154978347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1579577","display_name":"Geocentric orbit","level":3,"score":0.509399950504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71427050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348808","display_name":"Earth's orbit","level":3,"score":0.5009346008300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.49153098464012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47762531042099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.43770545721054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4119490087032318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.35858774185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.3347841799259186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.33343052864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26782912015914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2419501543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23217055201530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1698426902294159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.1648387610912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2018.8473955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473955","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:120824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2018.8473955>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16178081","https://openalex.org/W189285878","https://openalex.org/W1966465859","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W2463532135","https://openalex.org/W2621714910","https://openalex.org/W2771666745","https://openalex.org/W6600624821","https://openalex.org/W6607666571","https://openalex.org/W6646078522","https://openalex.org/W6719003900","https://openalex.org/W6738891018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000356507","https://openalex.org/W2088110687","https://openalex.org/W4230641204","https://openalex.org/W2803360691","https://openalex.org/W2316231056","https://openalex.org/W1592795175","https://openalex.org/W2102789539","https://openalex.org/W2326410649","https://openalex.org/W3000875024","https://openalex.org/W3093393935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-Earth-orbit":[0],"(LEO)":[1],"satellites":[2],"for":[3,23,44,129],"Earth":[4],"observation":[5],"have":[6],"typical":[7],"orbit":[8],"altitudes":[9],"of":[10,34],"400":[11],"to":[12,80,95,124],"600km.":[13],"Since":[14],"their":[15],"on-board":[16],"sensors":[17],"resolution":[18],"is":[19,29,42,127],"advancing,":[20],"the":[21,32,65,74,90,120],"need":[22],"very":[24,50],"high":[25,51],"rate":[26,122],"satellite":[27,57],"downlinks":[28,71],"increasing":[30],"into":[31],"range":[33],"several":[35],"gigabits":[36],"per":[37],"second.":[38],"Free-space":[39],"optical":[40,69],"communications":[41],"ideal":[43],"such":[45],"applications,":[46],"as":[47],"it":[48,133],"offers":[49],"data":[52,121],"rate,":[53],"while":[54],"allowing":[55],"smaller":[56],"terminals":[58],"and":[59,89,109,131],"avoiding":[60],"spectral":[61],"regulation":[62],"constraints.":[63],"However,":[64],"key":[66],"challenges":[67],"in":[68],"LEO":[70],"(OLEODL)":[72],"are":[73],"varying":[75,119],"free":[76],"space":[77],"loss":[78],"due":[79,94],"distance":[81],"changes":[82],"during":[83],"a":[84],"downlink":[85],"contact,":[86],"atmospheric":[87,96],"attenuation,":[88],"fast":[91],"signal":[92],"scintillation":[93],"index-of-refraction":[97],"turbulence":[98],"(IRT).":[99],"This":[100],"paper":[101,114],"will":[102,115],"briefly":[103],"explain":[104],"OLEODL":[105,130],"technology,":[106],"its":[107],"challenges,":[108],"suitable":[110],"mitigation":[111],"techniques.":[112],"The":[113],"focus":[116],"on":[117],"why":[118],"according":[123],"channel":[125],"state":[126],"important":[128],"how":[132],"can":[134],"be":[135],"achieved.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
