{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2516629954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2016.7550491","title":"Performance analysis of advance modulation schemes for free space optical networks","display_name":"Performance analysis of advance modulation schemes for free space optical networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2516629954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2016.7550491","mag":"2516629954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2016.7550491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2016.7550491","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026867447","display_name":"Salman Arain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-5367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38552033","display_name":"Frederick University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d8tf882","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38552033"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salman Arain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38552033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110462652","display_name":"Muhammad Naveed Shaikh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38552033","display_name":"Frederick University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d8tf882","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38552033"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Naveed Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38552033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003830011","display_name":"Abi Waqas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-4212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abi Waqas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politechnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politechnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034155059","display_name":"Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4340-9602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180291457","display_name":"Mehran University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ttm03","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180291457"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.S Chowdhry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mehran Universities of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mehran Universities of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180291457"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105838555","display_name":"C. Themistos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38552033","display_name":"Frederick University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d8tf882","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38552033"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Themistos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38552033"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026867447"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38552033"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71492273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-position-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","score":0.6934621930122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6514122486114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5970993041992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.5702527761459351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.5651367902755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.546334445476532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5082128047943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.5028221011161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.463922381401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4372020363807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.42032933235168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4170771837234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3813525438308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35479629039764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.3509369194507599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3398652672767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21144145727157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17587962746620178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46035914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767289","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","level":5,"score":0.6934621930122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6514122486114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5970993041992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.5702527761459351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.5651367902755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.546334445476532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5082128047943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.5028221011161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.463922381401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4372020363807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42032933235168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4170771837234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3813525438308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35479629039764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.3509369194507599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3398652672767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21144145727157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17587962746620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2016.7550491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2016.7550491","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1663005061","https://openalex.org/W1820908042","https://openalex.org/W2016318984","https://openalex.org/W2099689860","https://openalex.org/W2128618378","https://openalex.org/W2169307403","https://openalex.org/W3171416968","https://openalex.org/W4285242332","https://openalex.org/W6638483986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066904215","https://openalex.org/W2099530817","https://openalex.org/W4384565354","https://openalex.org/W4367032567","https://openalex.org/W2186728440","https://openalex.org/W2128691297","https://openalex.org/W2007582184","https://openalex.org/W2058844972","https://openalex.org/W2125803561","https://openalex.org/W2390987628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Free":[0],"Space":[1],"Optics":[2],"system":[3,11],"is":[4,54],"an":[5],"alternative":[6],"to":[7,28,56,64,74,117,129,141],"a":[8],"wired":[9],"communication":[10],"as":[12,100,127],"it":[13,35],"can":[14],"provide":[15],"high":[16,22],"data":[17],"rate,":[18],"low":[19],"cost,":[20],"reliable,":[21],"transmission":[23],"rate":[24],"and":[25,88,90,95],"security.":[26],"Due":[27],"salient":[29],"features":[30],"of":[31,40,44,46,51,60,69,124],"optical":[32],"wireless":[33,47,76],"communication,":[34],"has":[36],"become":[37],"the":[38,58,66,75,82],"center":[39],"research":[41],"in":[42],"thought":[43],"schools":[45],"communication.":[48],"The":[49],"analysis":[50,84],"modulation":[52,92,102,106,125,133,143],"schemes":[53,93,134],"required":[55],"improve":[57],"efficiency":[59],"FSO":[61],"based":[62],"transceivers":[63],"mitigate":[65],"degradation":[67],"effects":[68],"received":[70],"signal":[71],"occurred":[72],"due":[73],"channel.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"this":[79],"study":[80],"addresses":[81],"comparative":[83],"among":[85],"conventional":[86],"(OOK":[87],"PPM)":[89],"advanced":[91,132],"(DPIM":[94],"DH-PIM).":[96],"DH-PIM":[97],"was":[98,115],"observed":[99],"dominating":[101],"scheme":[103],"at":[104,121],"higher":[105],"indices":[107],"(greater":[108],"than":[109],"8)":[110],"over":[111],"DPIM":[112,114],"while":[113],"proven":[116],"be":[118],"more":[119],"effective":[120],"lower":[122],"values":[123],"index":[126],"compared":[128,140],"DH-PIM.":[130],"These":[131],"were":[135],"found":[136],"far":[137],"efficient":[138],"when":[139],"classical":[142],"schemes.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
