{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991577982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2014.6876550","title":"Techno-economics and performance of convergent radio and fibre architectures","display_name":"Techno-economics and performance of convergent radio and fibre architectures","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991577982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2014.6876550","mag":"1991577982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2014.6876550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2014.6876550","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108532749","display_name":"Carlos Bock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130845","display_name":"i2CAT","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkks755","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130845","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Bock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundacio i2CAT, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundacio i2CAT, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110452194","display_name":"Jordi Ferrer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130845","display_name":"i2CAT","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkks755","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130845","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordi Ferrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundacio i2CAT, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundacio i2CAT, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035604344","display_name":"Michael Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7600-4356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","(University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104706946","display_name":"Stuart D. Walker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart D. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","(University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062807849","display_name":"Tiago D. P. Mendes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-0104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62801748","display_name":"Altice Portugal (Portugal)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k5x3m24","country_code":"PT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62801748"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiago Mendes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Portugal Telecom Inova\u00e7ao, Aveiro, Portugal","[Portugal Telecom Inova\u00e7\u00e3o, Aveiro, Portugal]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Portugal Telecom Inova\u00e7ao, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62801748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Portugal Telecom Inova\u00e7\u00e3o, Aveiro, Portugal]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62801748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082766240","display_name":"Victor Marques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-0841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62801748","display_name":"Altice Portugal (Portugal)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k5x3m24","country_code":"PT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62801748"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["Portugal Telecom Inova\u00e7ao, Aveiro, Portugal","[Portugal Telecom Inova\u00e7\u00e3o, Aveiro, Portugal]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Portugal Telecom Inova\u00e7ao, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62801748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Portugal Telecom Inova\u00e7\u00e3o, Aveiro, Portugal]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62801748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054929239","display_name":"Volker Jungnickel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-5213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker Jungnickel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","Heinrich-Hertz-Inst. Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinrich-Hertz-Inst. Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070279025","display_name":"Kai Habel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Habel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","Heinrich-Hertz-Inst. Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinrich-Hertz-Inst. Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108388960","display_name":"David Levi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Levi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ethernity Networks Ltd., Lod, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ethernity Networks Ltd., Lod, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108532749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130845"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72692488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6167634129524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-expense","display_name":"Operating expense","score":0.6089004278182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5493542551994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-network","display_name":"Access network","score":0.44648176431655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4426209628582001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.4220367670059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4160540997982025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upgrade","display_name":"Upgrade","score":0.415729284286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.41055986285209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.3275638818740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2208118736743927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6167634129524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87450203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831940","display_name":"Operating expense","level":2,"score":0.6089004278182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5493542551994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.44648176431655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4426209628582001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.4220367670059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4160540997982025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920419","display_name":"Upgrade","level":2,"score":0.415729284286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.41055986285209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3275638818740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2208118736743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2014.6876550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2014.6876550","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:14583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.essex.ac.uk/14583/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W294076282","https://openalex.org/W2117453826","https://openalex.org/W2142357327","https://openalex.org/W6610597026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1617482757","https://openalex.org/W2042250077","https://openalex.org/W2592132547","https://openalex.org/W2548961410","https://openalex.org/W2074553952","https://openalex.org/W2899220871","https://openalex.org/W2166930882","https://openalex.org/W27988258","https://openalex.org/W3043768941","https://openalex.org/W1991577982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,122,195],"techno-economic":[4,73],"comparison":[5],"between":[6],"classical":[7],"passive":[8],"optical":[9],"networking":[10],"(PON)":[11],"and":[12,16,32,52,93,100,109,131,145,155,160,175,191],"innovative":[13],"convergent":[14,138,189],"radio":[15,190],"fibre":[17,192],"architectures,":[18],"based":[19],"on":[20],"intermediate":[21],"aggregation":[22],"at":[23,38,45,78,95],"the":[24,46,62,79,96,104,107,166,187],"remote":[25,41],"base":[26],"station":[27],"(RBS)":[28],"of":[29,58,66,106,168],"both,":[30],"fixed":[31,88,174],"mobile":[33,176],"subscribers.":[34,177],"By":[35],"aggregating":[36],"users":[37,89],"an":[39,114],"active":[40],"node":[42],"(ARN)":[43],"co-located":[44],"RBS,":[47],"which":[48,162],"offers":[49,194],"high-speed":[50],"switching":[51],"statistical-multiplexing":[53],"features":[54],"for":[55,87,98,125,165,173],"maximal":[56],"exploitation":[57],"available":[59],"network":[60],"resources,":[61],"cost":[63],"per":[64],"bit":[65],"access":[67,86,171],"networks":[68,172],"is":[69,75],"greatly":[70],"reduced.":[71],"Such":[72],"advantage":[74],"especially":[76],"relevant":[77],"present,":[80],"in":[81,158],"order":[82],"to":[83,150,184,199],"offer":[84,113,140],"ultra-high-speed":[85],"(>":[90],"1":[91],"Gbps)":[92],"connectivity":[94],"RBS":[97],"4G":[99],"beyond.":[101],"In":[102],"addition,":[103],"low-energy":[105],"ARN":[108],"its":[110],"low-cost":[111],"design":[112],"environmentally":[115],"sustainable":[116],"technology":[117],"solution,":[118],"whilst":[119],"acting":[120],"as":[121,149],"critical":[123],"enabler":[124],"new":[126],"smart":[127],"services,":[128],"e-society":[129],"initiatives,":[130],"intelligent":[132],"lifestyle":[133],"management.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"such":[136],"ARN-based":[137],"architectures":[139],"straight-forward":[141],"Open":[142],"Access":[143],"control":[144],"management":[146],"systems,":[147],"so":[148],"allow":[151],"flexible":[152],"infrastructure":[153],"sharing":[154],"further":[156],"reductions":[157],"CAPEX":[159],"OPEX,":[161],"are":[163],"essential":[164],"deployment":[167],"converged":[169],"next-generation":[170],"The":[178],"work":[179],"also":[180],"includes":[181],"performance":[182],"studies":[183],"demonstrate":[185],"that":[186],"proposed":[188],"architecture":[193],"realistic":[196],"upgrade":[197],"path":[198],"existing":[200],"PON":[201],"networks.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}