{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2968582201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2019.8798828","title":"MDBA: Detecting Malware based on Bytes N-Gram with Association Mining","display_name":"MDBA: Detecting Malware based on Bytes N-Gram with Association Mining","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2968582201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2019.8798828","mag":"2968582201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict.2019.8798828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2019.8798828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 26th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754948","display_name":"Bowei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715816","display_name":"Yongzheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1077-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074940011","display_name":"Junliang Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junliang Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037551819","display_name":"Tao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-8279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84902535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"227","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.835868239402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.8078200817108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7756993770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7165842056274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association-rule-learning","display_name":"Association rule learning","score":0.50664883852005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram","display_name":"Gram","score":0.4808819591999054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35369545221328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.29655617475509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23629191517829895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.835868239402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.8078200817108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7756993770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7165842056274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193524817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780","display_name":"Association rule learning","level":2,"score":0.50664883852005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161369605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41803","display_name":"Gram","level":3,"score":0.4808819591999054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35369545221328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.29655617475509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23629191517829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict.2019.8798828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2019.8798828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 26th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101893524","https://openalex.org/W259338706","https://openalex.org/W1482612322","https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1623342295","https://openalex.org/W1893133781","https://openalex.org/W1966150547","https://openalex.org/W1966666559","https://openalex.org/W1987684126","https://openalex.org/W2036575863","https://openalex.org/W2057787526","https://openalex.org/W2064853889","https://openalex.org/W2066220442","https://openalex.org/W2069155192","https://openalex.org/W2099053789","https://openalex.org/W2110143557","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2154642793","https://openalex.org/W2164956449","https://openalex.org/W2247776437","https://openalex.org/W2548971154","https://openalex.org/W2767675758","https://openalex.org/W2792716682","https://openalex.org/W2887324343","https://openalex.org/W2905353256","https://openalex.org/W2998066361","https://openalex.org/W3099258169","https://openalex.org/W4252403066","https://openalex.org/W6678277124","https://openalex.org/W6682837551","https://openalex.org/W6684242871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906970013","https://openalex.org/W3126081632","https://openalex.org/W2625039379","https://openalex.org/W2088254117","https://openalex.org/W4391592887","https://openalex.org/W4254593385","https://openalex.org/W2790582133","https://openalex.org/W1901380241","https://openalex.org/W4247016990","https://openalex.org/W2122429665"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malware":[0,51],"has":[1],"always":[2],"threatened":[3],"the":[4,50,76,86,90,96,115,138],"security":[5],"of":[6,117,135,151,158,161],"networks":[7],"and":[8,42,89,132],"computer":[9],"systems.":[10],"The":[11,140],"traditional":[12],"methods":[13,25],"for":[14],"malware":[15,152,160],"detection":[16],"are":[17],"signature-based":[18],"with":[19,126],"manually":[20],"designed":[21],"rules.":[22],"Some":[23],"recent":[24],"involving":[26],"static":[27],"or":[28,111],"dynamic":[29],"analysis":[30],"require":[31],"professional":[32],"tools":[33],"to":[34,103],"extract":[35],"features,":[36,68,78],"while":[37],"feature":[38],"engineering":[39],"is":[40,101,109,156],"time-consuming":[41],"labor-intensive.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,79,121],"propose":[48],"MDBA,":[49],"Detection":[52],"based":[53],"on":[54,95,137],"Association":[55],"mining":[56,75],"method.":[57],"Our":[58],"approach":[59,145],"only":[60,147],"takes":[61],"bytes":[62],"n-grams":[63],"from":[64],"PE":[65,107,130],"binaries":[66],"as":[67],"which":[69],"can":[70,80],"be":[71],"easily":[72],"obtained.":[73],"By":[74],"n-gram":[77],"produce":[81],"association":[82,97],"rules":[83],"that":[84,143],"satisfy":[85],"minimum":[87,91],"support":[88],"confidence":[92],"constraints.":[93],"Based":[94],"rules,":[98],"a":[99,106,123],"classifier":[100],"built":[102],"detect":[104],"whether":[105],"executable":[108],"malicious":[110],"not.":[112],"To":[113],"demonstrate":[114],"capability":[116],"our":[118,144],"MDBA":[119],"approach,":[120],"organize":[122],"large":[124],"dataset":[125],"more":[127],"than":[128],"10,000":[129],"files":[131],"conduct":[133],"series":[134],"experiments":[136],"dataset.":[139],"results":[141],"show":[142],"not":[146],"achieves":[148],"high":[149],"performance":[150],"detection,":[153],"but":[154],"also":[155],"capable":[157],"discovering":[159],"unknown":[162],"types.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}