{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415746217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsme64153.2025.00050","title":"Boosting Log Observability in Production Systems Through Bytecode-Driven Fault Variable Tracking","display_name":"Boosting Log Observability in Production Systems Through Bytecode-Driven Fault Variable Tracking","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415746217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsme64153.2025.00050"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsme64153.2025.00050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsme64153.2025.00050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071529499","display_name":"Taizheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taizheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University,Haikou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University,Haikou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631533","display_name":"Yutong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2346-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University,Haikou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University,Haikou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117759943","display_name":"Wei Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8892-2721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University,Haikou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University,Haikou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013723764","display_name":"Chunyang Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2177-8255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyang Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University,Haikou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University,Haikou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031425629","display_name":"Hui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-3235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University,Haikou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University,Haikou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071529499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36531994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"480","last_page":"491"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.6830999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bytecode","display_name":"Bytecode","score":0.6599000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.37720000743865967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.6830999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6678000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779818221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837330","display_name":"Bytecode","level":3,"score":0.6599000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50712370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4269346","display_name":"Software fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91071405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413145","display_name":"Program slicing","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253369","display_name":"Downtime","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88468194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172416","display_name":"Data-flow analysis","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164155591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067766","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53942775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211721","display_name":"Code coverage","level":3,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsme64153.2025.00050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsme64153.2025.00050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4033867414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62362022,61379047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4759372959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB2100805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2080696000","https://openalex.org/W2096761130","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2170890990","https://openalex.org/W2460584250","https://openalex.org/W2521918152","https://openalex.org/W2611751966","https://openalex.org/W2786424616","https://openalex.org/W2851896161","https://openalex.org/W2887255581","https://openalex.org/W2888115557","https://openalex.org/W2973461969","https://openalex.org/W3007993592","https://openalex.org/W3054737934","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3108936298","https://openalex.org/W3123326965","https://openalex.org/W3127424491","https://openalex.org/W3147048975","https://openalex.org/W3154773069","https://openalex.org/W3159695152","https://openalex.org/W3162546773","https://openalex.org/W3183619936","https://openalex.org/W3215108294","https://openalex.org/W4206509861","https://openalex.org/W4283826179","https://openalex.org/W4297095044","https://openalex.org/W4312068198","https://openalex.org/W4318562169","https://openalex.org/W4323026556","https://openalex.org/W4384302826","https://openalex.org/W4384304801","https://openalex.org/W4384345673","https://openalex.org/W4386830539","https://openalex.org/W4386952226","https://openalex.org/W4389988584","https://openalex.org/W4394745954","https://openalex.org/W4400680179","https://openalex.org/W4402040489","https://openalex.org/W4402457354","https://openalex.org/W4403936727","https://openalex.org/W4404783570"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"software":[1,146,154,178],"systems":[2],"scale,":[3],"fault":[4,126],"detection":[5],"and":[6,47,73,92,120,144,180],"localization":[7],"become":[8],"increasingly":[9],"complex":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,42,64,138],"intricate":[13],"module":[14],"interactions.":[15],"Logging":[16],"is":[17],"essential":[18],"for":[19,87],"diagnosis,":[20],"yet":[21],"an":[22],"analysis":[23,59],"of":[24,153],"1158":[25],"bug":[26],"reports":[27],"from":[28],"the":[29,98,129,132,136,150,159],"Bugs.jar":[30,160],"dataset":[31,161],"shows":[32],"that":[33,106,163],"faultrelated":[34],"variables":[35,91],"have":[36],"only":[37],"13.16%":[38],"log":[39,94],"coverage,":[40],"leading":[41],"incomplete":[43],"diagnostics,":[44],"prolonged":[45],"troubleshooting,":[46],"higher":[48],"maintenance":[49,142],"costs.":[50],"Existing":[51],"logging":[52],"enhancement":[53],"methods":[54],"focus":[55],"on":[56,158],"source":[57,99],"code":[58],"during":[60],"development,":[61],"lacking":[62],"adaptability":[63],"deployed":[65],"systems,":[66],"while":[67],"runtime":[68],"modifications":[69],"are":[70],"often":[71],"costly":[72],"impractical.":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"these":[77],"challenges,":[78],"this":[79],"paper":[80],"presents":[81],"VarFR,":[82],"a":[83,103,108],"novel":[84],"bytecode-level":[85],"approach":[86,134],"dynamically":[88],"tracking":[89],"fault-related":[90,170],"enhancing":[93],"coverage":[95],"without":[96],"modifying":[97],"code.":[100],"VarFR":[101,164],"employs":[102],"recommendation":[104],"model":[105],"constructs":[107],"bytecode":[109,115,130],"multi-feature":[110],"fusion":[111],"graph":[112],"by":[113],"integrating":[114],"semantics,":[116],"method":[117],"control":[118],"flow,":[119],"local":[121],"variable":[122,171],"metadata.":[123],"By":[124],"improving":[125,177],"observability":[127],"at":[128],"level,":[131],"proposed":[133],"has":[135],"potential":[137],"facilitate":[139],"debugging,":[140],"reduce":[141],"overhead,":[143],"enhance":[145],"adaptability,":[147],"thereby":[148],"supporting":[149],"long-term":[151],"evolution":[152],"systems.":[155],"Experimental":[156],"results":[157],"demonstrate":[162],"significantly":[165],"outperforms":[166],"baseline":[167],"models":[168],"in":[169,176],"recommendation,":[172],"underscoring":[173],"its":[174],"effectiveness":[175],"maintainability":[179],"reliability.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-31T00:00:00"}