{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122435938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2003.1235409","title":"Understanding the nature of software evolution","display_name":"Understanding the nature of software evolution","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122435938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2003.1235409","mag":"2122435938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsm.2003.1235409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2003.1235409","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2003. ICSM 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025137039","display_name":"Allen P. Nikora","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.P. Nikora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109148344","display_name":"John C. Munson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.C. Munson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA","University of Idaho"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Idaho","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.9227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98172008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"83","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.613673210144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5897260308265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.5839551687240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5698119401931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.5089361667633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.49455615878105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4891491234302521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development-process","display_name":"Software development process","score":0.4689364433288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.467311829328537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verification-and-validation","display_name":"Verification and validation","score":0.4609238803386688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.40683552622795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3854004144668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32939088344573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19538530707359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1130952537059784}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.613673210144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5897260308265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.5839551687240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5698119401931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.5089361667633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.49455615878105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4891491234302521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180152950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904257","display_name":"Software development process","level":4,"score":0.4689364433288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.467311829328537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.4609238803386688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.40683552622795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3854004144668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32939088344573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19538530707359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1130952537059784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsm.2003.1235409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2003.1235409","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2003. ICSM 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.99.8309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.99.8309","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/7151/1/03-0779.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59022160","https://openalex.org/W807058808","https://openalex.org/W843676052","https://openalex.org/W1574496050","https://openalex.org/W1893425519","https://openalex.org/W1916854640","https://openalex.org/W2012878626","https://openalex.org/W2019138463","https://openalex.org/W2102828572","https://openalex.org/W2104124430","https://openalex.org/W2125470981","https://openalex.org/W2157657084","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2163279690","https://openalex.org/W2170000846","https://openalex.org/W2334917534","https://openalex.org/W2496203100","https://openalex.org/W2500667565","https://openalex.org/W4205927300","https://openalex.org/W4231588088","https://openalex.org/W4237854095","https://openalex.org/W4253267054","https://openalex.org/W6623092095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068483578","https://openalex.org/W2182881874","https://openalex.org/W2893321311","https://openalex.org/W607996719","https://openalex.org/W2316872043","https://openalex.org/W2545684011","https://openalex.org/W2041178519","https://openalex.org/W2140677443","https://openalex.org/W2182758370","https://openalex.org/W1519013455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,12,40,56,60,69,74,82,88,92,119,129,132,146,171,198,225,235,248,258,269,275,285,308,321],"past":[2],"several":[3],"years,":[4],"we":[5,66,140,163,246],"have":[6,36,50,101,125,141,164],"been":[7],"developing":[8],"methods":[9],"of":[10,15,55,59,71,76,98,131,148,173,227,237,250,271,274,284,287,300,310],"measuring":[11],"change":[13,89,196,301],"characteristics":[14,90],"evolving":[16,276],"software":[17,23,77,114,154,188,199,261,277,291],"systems.":[18],"Not":[19],"all":[20],"changes":[21,28,46],"to":[22,29,80,91,156,186,197,210,305],"systems":[24,31],"are":[25,32,47,279,302],"equal.":[26],"Some":[27],"these":[30,107,174],"very":[33,52],"small":[34],"and":[35,49,124,160,179,203,208,233,253,296],"low":[37],"impact":[38,54,226],"on":[39,230],"system":[41,93,200,278],"as":[42],"a":[43,51,95,103,112,143,166,187,211,221],"whole.":[44],"Other":[45],"substantial":[48],"large":[53,96],"fault":[57,180,205,254,316],"proneness":[58],"complete":[61],"system.":[62,83],"In":[63,243],"this":[64,244],"study":[65,87],"will":[67,85],"identify":[68],"sources":[70],"variation":[72],"in":[73,106,109,127,135,220,307],"set":[75],"metrics":[78],"used":[79],"measure":[81],"We":[84,100],"then":[86,184],"over":[94],"number":[97,286],"builds.":[99],"begun":[102],"new":[104,151,177,315],"investigation":[105],"areas":[108],"collaboration":[110],"with":[111],"flight":[113,260],"technology":[115,262],"development":[116,231,241,263],"effort":[117],"at":[118],"Jet":[120],"Propulsion":[121],"Laboratory":[122],"(JPL)":[123],"progressed":[126],"resolving":[128],"limitations":[130],"earlier":[133],"work":[134],"two":[136],"distinct":[137],"steps.":[138],"First,":[139],"developed":[142,165,324],"standard":[144,152,178,317],"for":[145,169,281],"enumeration":[147],"faults.":[149,175],"This":[150,176],"permits":[153],"faults":[155,288,311],"be":[157],"measured":[158,202],"precisely":[159],"accurately.":[161],"Second,":[162],"practical":[167],"framework":[168],"automating":[170],"measurement":[172,181,216,228],"process":[182,217],"was":[183,201,206,218],"applied":[185],"system's":[189],"structural":[190,251,272],"evolution":[191,252],"during":[192,293],"its":[193],"development.":[194],"Every":[195],"every":[204],"identified":[207],"tracked":[209],"specific":[212],"code":[213],"module.":[214],"The":[215,314],"implemented":[219],"network":[222],"appliance,":[223],"minimizing":[224],"activities":[229],"efforts":[232],"enabling":[234],"comparison":[236],"measurements":[238,249],"across":[239],"multiple":[240],"efforts.":[242],"paper,":[245],"analyze":[247],"counts":[255],"obtained":[256],"from":[257],"JPL":[259],"effort.":[264],"Our":[265],"results":[266],"indicate":[267],"that":[268,297,320],"measures":[270],"attributes":[273],"suitable":[280],"forming":[282],"predictors":[283],"inserted":[289],"into":[290],"modules":[292],"their":[294],"development,":[295],"some":[298],"types":[299],"more":[303],"likely":[304],"result":[306],"insertion":[309],"than":[312],"others.":[313],"also":[318],"insures":[319],"model":[322],"so":[323],"has":[325],"greater":[326],"predictive":[327],"validity.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
