{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975896045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6630760","title":"Towards automated optoelectrowetting on dielectric devices for multi-axis droplet manipulation","display_name":"Towards automated optoelectrowetting on dielectric devices for multi-axis droplet manipulation","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975896045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6630760","mag":"1975896045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2013.6630760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6630760","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010887853","display_name":"Vasanthsekar Shekar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasanthsekar Shekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007462876","display_name":"Matthew Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4469-5209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002379534","display_name":"Srinivas Akella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-4610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivas Akella","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67740447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1439","last_page":"1445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-microfluidics","display_name":"Digital microfluidics","score":0.7690717577934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.723351240158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5873334407806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.5063196420669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lab-on-a-chip","display_name":"Lab-on-a-chip","score":0.4750095307826996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4712284803390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.4580511152744293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4356313943862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4156915545463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrowetting","display_name":"Electrowetting","score":0.39790529012680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.381166934967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.34905046224594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3149891495704651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.29144859313964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1945568025112152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12049084901809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11842739582061768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92444450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276112","display_name":"Digital microfluidics","level":4,"score":0.7690717577934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.723351240158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5873334407806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.5063196420669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138942068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633261","display_name":"Lab-on-a-chip","level":3,"score":0.4750095307826996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4712284803390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.4580511152744293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4356313943862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4156915545463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779673822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907239","display_name":"Electrowetting","level":3,"score":0.39790529012680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.381166934967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34905046224594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3149891495704651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29144859313964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1945568025112152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12049084901809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11842739582061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2013.6630760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6630760","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309321","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333028","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1909235131","https://openalex.org/W1968000836","https://openalex.org/W1975896045","https://openalex.org/W1981311669","https://openalex.org/W1994710268","https://openalex.org/W1995447544","https://openalex.org/W1997202250","https://openalex.org/W2032894041","https://openalex.org/W2051078837","https://openalex.org/W2052609011","https://openalex.org/W2058631323","https://openalex.org/W2063508112","https://openalex.org/W2068889814","https://openalex.org/W2071356645","https://openalex.org/W2081382498","https://openalex.org/W2098057172","https://openalex.org/W2099652466","https://openalex.org/W2101164901","https://openalex.org/W2101591099","https://openalex.org/W2104117508","https://openalex.org/W2107672743","https://openalex.org/W2144370263","https://openalex.org/W2153156289","https://openalex.org/W2168958225","https://openalex.org/W3148973981","https://openalex.org/W4245800248","https://openalex.org/W6676479761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2209046608","https://openalex.org/W2903649460","https://openalex.org/W4394370577","https://openalex.org/W2795946868","https://openalex.org/W1518283146","https://openalex.org/W2105772751","https://openalex.org/W2075021927","https://openalex.org/W2101793433","https://openalex.org/W2184856822","https://openalex.org/W2010024183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lab-on-a-chip":[0],"technology":[1,25,67],"scales":[2],"down":[3],"multiple":[4,95,178],"laboratory":[5],"processes":[6],"to":[7,49,100,183,191],"a":[8,21,65,79,121,168,177,218],"chip":[9],"capable":[10,156,213],"of":[11,36,46,57,94,125,142,149,157,214],"performing":[12],"automated":[13],"biochemical":[14],"analyses.":[15],"Electrowetting":[16],"on":[17,61,78],"dielectric":[18,62,123,127],"(EWOD)":[19],"is":[20,64,155,212],"digital":[22],"microfluidic":[23,198],"lab-on-a-chip":[24],"that":[26,68,90],"uses":[27,69],"patterned":[28],"electrodes":[29],"for":[30,75],"droplet":[31,76,112,194,201,206,215],"manipulation.":[32],"The":[33,153],"main":[34],"limitations":[35],"EWOD":[37],"devices":[38],"are":[39],"the":[40,50,58,147,150,209],"restrictions":[41],"in":[42],"volume":[43],"and":[44,54,72,144,204],"motion":[45],"droplets":[47,93,159],"due":[48],"fixed":[51],"size,":[52],"layout,":[53],"addressing":[55],"scheme":[56],"electrodes.":[59],"Optoelectrowetting":[60],"(OEWOD)":[63],"recent":[66],"optical":[70,173,225],"sources":[71],"electric":[73,186],"fields":[74,187],"actuation":[77,113],"continuous":[80],"surface.":[81],"We":[82,175,196],"describe":[83],"an":[84,172,224],"open":[85,116],"surface":[86],"light-actuated":[87],"OEWOD":[88,210],"device":[89,154,211],"can":[91],"manipulate":[92],"volumes":[96],"ranging":[97],"from":[98],"1":[99],"50":[101],"\u03bcL":[102],"at":[103,160],"voltages":[104],"below":[105],"45":[106],"V.":[107],"To":[108],"achieve":[109,192],"lower":[110],"voltage":[111],"than":[114],"previous":[115],"configuration":[117],"devices,":[118],"we":[119],"added":[120],"dedicated":[122],"layer":[124],"high":[126,163],"constant":[128],"(Al":[129],"<sub":[130,134,139],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[131,135,140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[132],"O":[133],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sub>":[136],"with":[137],"\u03b5":[138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">r</sub>":[141],"9.1)":[143],"significantly":[145],"reduced":[146],"thickness":[148],"hydrophobic":[151],"layer.":[152],"transporting":[158],"speeds":[161],"as":[162,164,171,223],"12":[165],"mm/sec":[166],"using":[167,217],"data":[169],"projector":[170],"source.":[174,226],"developed":[176],"axis":[179],"contact":[180],"pad":[181],"design":[182],"apply":[184],"lateral":[185],"along":[188],"different":[189],"axes":[190],"multi-axis":[193],"movement.":[195],"demonstrated":[197],"operations":[199],"including":[200],"merging,":[202],"mixing,":[203],"parallel":[205],"motion.":[207],"Further,":[208],"transportation":[216],"tablet":[219],"computer's":[220],"LCD":[221],"screen":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}