{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229652270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334360","title":"Switching particle filters for efficient real-time visual tracking","display_name":"Switching particle filters for efficient real-time visual tracking","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229652270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2004.1334360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608750","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018552685","display_name":"Tadaaki Bando","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086780","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Bando","raw_affiliation_strings":["CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan","Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067304768","display_name":"Tomohiro Shibata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-4250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086780","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Shibata","raw_affiliation_strings":["CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan","Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004840638","display_name":"Kenji Doya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-6820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086780","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Doya","raw_affiliation_strings":["CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan","Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072540019","display_name":"Shin Ishii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-8230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086780","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ishii","raw_affiliation_strings":["CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan","Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018552685"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780","https://openalex.org/I75917431"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8241,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73997413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"720","last_page":"723 Vol.2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.8313870429992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7045705914497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6298984289169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6242944002151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5874559879302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5105267763137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5084382891654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.49729135632514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48255032300949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.46172112226486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.45891034603118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4355859160423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.323684424161911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.8313870429992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7045705914497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6298984289169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6242944002151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5874559879302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5105267763137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5084382891654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.49729135632514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48255032300949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.46172112226486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.45891034603118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4355859160423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.323684424161911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2004.1334360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608750","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1920041198","https://openalex.org/W2098090903","https://openalex.org/W2098613108","https://openalex.org/W2150832435","https://openalex.org/W2161406034","https://openalex.org/W4244486013","https://openalex.org/W6640073365","https://openalex.org/W6682187105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015530857","https://openalex.org/W2556064263","https://openalex.org/W1991846142","https://openalex.org/W1583020711","https://openalex.org/W1589286931","https://openalex.org/W1521151968","https://openalex.org/W2900672867","https://openalex.org/W1690802106","https://openalex.org/W4252024964","https://openalex.org/W4253883008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Particle":[0],"filtering":[1,84],"is":[2,109],"an":[3],"approach":[4],"to":[5,29,50,91],"Bayesian":[6,31],"estimation":[7],"of":[8,22,39,75,106,128],"intractable":[9],"posterior":[10],"distributions":[11],"from":[12],"time":[13],"series":[14],"signals":[15],"distributed":[16],"by":[17,111],"non-Gaussian":[18],"noise.":[19],"A":[20],"couple":[21],"variant":[23],"particle":[24,65],"filters":[25],"have":[26],"been":[27,44],"proposed":[28],"approximate":[30],"computation":[32],"with":[33],"finite":[34],"particles.":[35],"However,":[36],"the":[37,129],"performance":[38],"such":[40],"algorithms":[41],"has":[42],"not":[43],"fully":[45],"evaluated":[46],"under":[47],"circumstances":[48],"specific":[49],"real-time":[51,101],"vision":[52],"systems.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"article,":[56],"we":[57],"focus":[58],"on":[59],"two":[60],"filters:":[61],"condensation":[62],"and":[63,77,99],"auxiliary":[64],"filter":[66],"(APF).":[67],"We":[68,79,116],"show":[69,118],"their":[70],"contrasting":[71],"characteristics":[72],"in":[73],"terms":[74],"accuracy":[76],"robustness.":[78],"then":[80],"propose":[81],"a":[82,92],"novel":[83],"scheme":[85,108],"that":[86,119],"switches":[87],"these":[88],"filters,":[89],"according":[90],"simple":[93,121],"criterion,":[94],"for":[95],"realizing":[96],"more":[97],"robust":[98],"accurate":[100],"visual":[102,113],"tracking.":[103],"The":[104],"effectiveness":[105],"our":[107,120],"demonstrated":[110],"real":[112],"tracking":[114,135],"experiments.":[115],"also":[117],"switching":[122],"method":[123],"significantly":[124],"helps":[125],"online":[126],"learning":[127],"target":[130],"dynamics,":[131],"which":[132],"greatly":[133],"improves":[134],"accuracy.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
