{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168009739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.1990.119440","title":"Image understanding tools","display_name":"Image understanding tools","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168009739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.1990.119440","mag":"2168009739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.1990.119440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.1990.119440","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"[1990] Proceedings. 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069148677","display_name":"Thomas D. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0479-5678"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T.D. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amerinex Artificial Intelligence, Inc., Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amerinex Artificial Intelligence, Inc., Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069148677"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91324126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"ii","issue":null,"first_page":"606","last_page":"610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14067","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Remote Desktop Technologies","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7182075381278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workstation","display_name":"Workstation","score":0.6592320799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.65234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6204823851585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5580699443817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.4476560056209564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3554731011390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2781038284301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.26006656885147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19667550921440125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7182075381278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67953723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192525","display_name":"Workstation","level":2,"score":0.6592320799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.65234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6204823851585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5580699443817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.4476560056209564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3554731011390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2781038284301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.26006656885147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19667550921440125}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.1990.119440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.1990.119440","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"[1990] Proceedings. 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991623594","https://openalex.org/W2080932107","https://openalex.org/W2089913554","https://openalex.org/W2160902281","https://openalex.org/W4302428745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023376119","https://openalex.org/W1608278265","https://openalex.org/W2048990642","https://openalex.org/W1186135329","https://openalex.org/W2097677915","https://openalex.org/W2140011328","https://openalex.org/W3041171771","https://openalex.org/W5724778","https://openalex.org/W2090588614","https://openalex.org/W2154641962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38],"development":[1],"of":[2,5,29],"a":[3,9,23],"set":[4],"tools":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8],"framework":[10],"for":[11,45],"image":[12,46],"understanding":[13,47],"is":[14],"described.":[15],"This":[16],"system":[17],"contains":[18],"several":[19],"human":[20],"interfaces":[21,40],"to":[22,33],"computer":[24],"workstation":[25],"where":[26],"various":[27],"modes":[28],"interaction":[30],"are":[31,48],"available":[32],"conduct":[34],"this":[35],"work":[36],"efficiently.":[37],"user":[39],"and":[41],"the":[42],"hardware":[43],"used":[44],"discussed.<":[49],"<ETX":[50],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[51],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">&gt;</ETX>":[52]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}