{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2786648038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2017.8268830","title":"Cooling PV modules using phase change material","display_name":"Cooling PV modules using phase change material","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2786648038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2017.8268830","mag":"2786648038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm.2017.8268830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2017.8268830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 29th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003134912","display_name":"Fadel Kawtharani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104393","display_name":"International University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/01fjkp854","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fadel Kawtharani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030175886","display_name":"Ali Kawtharani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104393","display_name":"International University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/01fjkp854","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Kawtharani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018894377","display_name":"Mohammad Hammoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5742-6147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104393","display_name":"International University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/01fjkp854","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hammoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062077838","display_name":"Ali Hallal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-9027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104393","display_name":"International University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/01fjkp854","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Hallal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036100930","display_name":"Ali Shaito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-1931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104393","display_name":"International University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/01fjkp854","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Shaito","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079424898","display_name":"Ali Assi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-7139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104393","display_name":"International University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/01fjkp854","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Assi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering International, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012324782","display_name":"Ibrahim Assi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Assi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003134912"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104393"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67457962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10938","display_name":"Phase Change Materials Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change","display_name":"Phase change","score":0.49925780296325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-material","display_name":"Phase-change material","score":0.49526992440223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.43734800815582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.4286612272262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.38891106843948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37388521432876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.21969518065452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2027190923690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13603875041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11461740732192993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133256868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180940","display_name":"Phase change","level":2,"score":0.49925780296325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806889","display_name":"Phase-change material","level":3,"score":0.49526992440223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.43734800815582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.4286612272262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38891106843948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37388521432876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.21969518065452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2027190923690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13603875041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11461740732192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm.2017.8268830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2017.8268830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 29th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30334957","https://openalex.org/W189324662","https://openalex.org/W608863011","https://openalex.org/W1483256560","https://openalex.org/W1589248608","https://openalex.org/W2151080396","https://openalex.org/W2341822376","https://openalex.org/W2530745493","https://openalex.org/W2534589035","https://openalex.org/W2535737452","https://openalex.org/W6601196593","https://openalex.org/W6635231790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2971251690","https://openalex.org/W2737205237","https://openalex.org/W3136010011","https://openalex.org/W2511790272","https://openalex.org/W2942854937","https://openalex.org/W2591958942","https://openalex.org/W2106060162","https://openalex.org/W2774467047","https://openalex.org/W33966844","https://openalex.org/W3135603442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"temperature":[1,53,88,155],"can":[2,135],"result":[3],"in":[4,16,116,168],"the":[5,17,28,40,51,68,87,92,133,149,154,173],"degradation":[6],"of":[7,19,27,62,77,86,95,124,132,140,144,148,156,175],"any":[8,96,176],"device":[9],"(solar,":[10],"electrical,":[11],"electronics,":[12],"etc.).":[13],"For":[14],"example,":[15],"case":[18],"a":[20,101,105,145,157],"silicon":[21],"photovoltaic":[22,158],"(PV)":[23],"system,":[24],"approximately":[25],"25%":[26],"incoming":[29],"concentrated":[30],"solar":[31],"energy":[32,38,134],"will":[33,90],"be":[34,136,179],"converted":[35,43],"into":[36,44],"electrical":[37],"and":[39,54,122],"remaining":[41],"is":[42,65,79,114],"waste":[45],"heat":[46],"which":[47,89],"contributes":[48],"to":[49,66,118,152,164,170,178],"elevate":[50],"cell":[52],"so":[55],"decreases":[56],"its":[57,82,120],"efficiency.":[58],"The":[59,126],"main":[60],"objective":[61,139],"this":[63,99,141,166],"project":[64,142],"emphasize":[67],"Phase":[69],"Change":[70],"Material":[71],"(PCM)":[72],"cooling":[73],"technique.":[74],"This":[75,160],"kind":[76],"material":[78],"known":[80],"for":[81],"high":[83],"storing":[84],"capacity":[85,123],"enhance":[91],"cycle":[93],"lifetime":[94],"device.":[97],"In":[98],"project,":[100],"direct":[102],"application":[103],"on":[104,172],"PV":[106],"panel":[107],"was":[108],"carried":[109],"out,":[110],"an":[111],"organic":[112],"PCM":[113,177],"tested":[115],"order":[117,169],"study":[119],"properties":[121],"absorption.":[125],"results":[127],"shows":[128],"that":[129],"around":[130],"13%":[131],"saved.":[137],"Another":[138],"consists":[143],"numerical":[146],"validation":[147,161],"modeling":[150],"used":[151],"determine":[153],"panel.":[159],"allows":[162],"us":[163],"use":[165],"model":[167],"decide":[171],"efficiency":[174],"used.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
