{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035030939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss49876.2020.9115489","title":"Assessment of the Vulnerability to Spoofing Attacks of GNSS Receivers Integrated in Consumer Devices","display_name":"Assessment of the Vulnerability to Spoofing Attacks of GNSS Receivers Integrated in Consumer Devices","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035030939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss49876.2020.9115489","mag":"3035030939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss49876.2020.9115489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss49876.2020.9115489","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013074310","display_name":"Akmal Rustamov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-1602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akmal Rustamov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057009686","display_name":"Neil Gogoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-8375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Gogoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043004019","display_name":"Alex Minetto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-7151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Minetto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074401924","display_name":"Fabio Dovis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6078-9099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Dovis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013074310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86355702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.9553712606430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.8562159538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8207924365997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.700793445110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5747829079627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5690083503723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.44834205508232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4270637035369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.41466689109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39259082078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3791399598121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1930384635925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1635158658027649}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.9553712606430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.8562159538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8207924365997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.700793445110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5747829079627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5690083503723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44834205508232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4270637035369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.41466689109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39259082078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3791399598121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1930384635925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1635158658027649}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss49876.2020.9115489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss49876.2020.9115489","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W994609474","https://openalex.org/W1968787321","https://openalex.org/W1980494386","https://openalex.org/W1997426533","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W2184623332","https://openalex.org/W2199883683","https://openalex.org/W2204540794","https://openalex.org/W2591721791","https://openalex.org/W2756684097","https://openalex.org/W2807457785","https://openalex.org/W2885619172","https://openalex.org/W2903747092","https://openalex.org/W2903848190","https://openalex.org/W2906608273","https://openalex.org/W2972127780","https://openalex.org/W2980308004","https://openalex.org/W6626088980","https://openalex.org/W6686322440","https://openalex.org/W6688031881","https://openalex.org/W6767461503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095455901","https://openalex.org/W4312670159","https://openalex.org/W3126564540","https://openalex.org/W2968223354","https://openalex.org/W3008363920","https://openalex.org/W2088717005","https://openalex.org/W3206448138","https://openalex.org/W4319430861","https://openalex.org/W3200530419","https://openalex.org/W4379876618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23],"this":[1,104],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,32],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,11,67,85,95],"effects":[6,78],"of":[7,73,79,103,130],"spoofing":[8,27,82,117],"attacks":[9],"on":[10,84],"mass-market":[12],"positioning":[13],"and":[14,34,48,70,94,98,134],"navigation":[15],"units":[16],"integrated":[17],"in":[18,28,120],"modern":[19,108],"day":[20],"Android\u2122":[21,75,109],"smartphones.":[22,76],"order":[24],"to":[25,58,65,115,125,136],"operate":[26],"a":[29,36,43,49,53,61,112],"real":[30],"environment,":[31],"designed":[33],"implemented":[35],"portable,":[37],"configurable,":[38],"low-cost":[39,50],"GPS":[40],"spoofer":[41],"exploiting":[42],"software-defined":[44],"radio":[45],"(SDR)":[46],"implementation":[47],"front-end.":[51],"Such":[52],"tool":[54],"has":[55,88],"been":[56,89],"exploited":[57],"set":[59],"up":[60],"test":[62],"campaign":[63],"trying":[64],"mislead":[66],"Position,":[68],"Velocity":[69],"Time":[71],"computation":[72],"different":[74],"The":[77,100],"such":[80],"simplistic":[81,116],"attack":[83],"smartphone":[86],"GNSS":[87],"assessed":[90],"observing":[91],"raw":[92],"measurements":[93],"evaluated":[96],"positions":[97],"time.":[99],"main":[101],"findings":[102],"work":[105],"showed":[106],"that":[107],"devices":[110],"have":[111],"remarkable":[113],"resilience":[114],"attacks,":[118],"highlighting":[119],"parallel":[121],"further":[122],"potential":[123],"weaknesses":[124],"be":[126],"protected":[127],"by":[128],"means":[129],"practical":[131],"defence":[132],"mechanisms":[133],"countermeasures":[135],"spoofing.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}