{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151508963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.1994.413393","title":"An interactive walkthrough for a city area using the efficient 3D object management","display_name":"An interactive walkthrough for a city area using the efficient 3D object management","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151508963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.1994.413393","mag":"2151508963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.1994.413393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.1994.413393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040633710","display_name":"Yoshihiko Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-5102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57930482","display_name":"Hiroshima City University","ror":"https://ror.org/001et4e78","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57930482"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y. Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57930482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040633710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57930482"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26415758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"642","last_page":"646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-walkthrough","display_name":"Software walkthrough","score":0.9137012958526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7793086767196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6886410117149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6019564867019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5446029305458069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5176078081130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4936016798019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44911184906959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.12256914377212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.0939142107963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.0765146017074585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46110900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11702993","display_name":"Software walkthrough","level":5,"score":0.9137012958526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7793086767196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6886410117149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6019564867019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5446029305458069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5176078081130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4936016798019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44911184906959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.12256914377212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.0939142107963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0765146017074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.1994.413393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.1994.413393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067288944","https://openalex.org/W2074429597","https://openalex.org/W2091688906","https://openalex.org/W2109862258","https://openalex.org/W2113610230","https://openalex.org/W2117908293","https://openalex.org/W2133230247","https://openalex.org/W2142974356","https://openalex.org/W2147333121","https://openalex.org/W2579633670","https://openalex.org/W2922417532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165668484","https://openalex.org/W2380169013","https://openalex.org/W291250033","https://openalex.org/W2008385118","https://openalex.org/W2035757446","https://openalex.org/W880955280","https://openalex.org/W2106647072","https://openalex.org/W54172855","https://openalex.org/W2170209930","https://openalex.org/W2046782623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"efficient":[1],"3D":[2,31,49],"object":[3,162],"management":[4,26],"system":[5],"using":[6],"the":[7,13,22,29,44,58,85,89,94,97,107,111,115,120,138,142,145,149,152,155,157,167,178,186],"hierarchical":[8],"spatial":[9],"data":[10],"structure,":[11],"called":[12],"MD-tree,":[14],"is":[15,51,163],"developed":[16],"for":[17,21,185],"an":[18,174],"interactive":[19,175],"walkthrough":[20,176],"wide":[23,187],"area":[24,36,189],"facility":[25],"system.":[27],"In":[28],"system,":[30],"objects":[32,61,77,103,117,129,147],"in":[33,133],"a":[34,64,69,80,134],"city":[35,188],"are":[37,66,82,104],"automatically":[38],"generated":[39],"from":[40,119,151],"2D-maps":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43,57],"appropriate":[45],"rules.":[46],"The":[47,60,76,126],"entire":[48],"space":[50],"split":[52],"into":[53],"several":[54],"layers":[55],"depending":[56],"height.":[59],"intersecting":[62],"with":[63,177,190],"layer":[65],"managed":[67],"by":[68,84,106,137],"2D":[70],"MD-tree":[71,86,108],"corresponding":[72,87,109],"to":[73,79,88,110,154,165],"that":[74],"layer.":[75],"close":[78],"viewpoint":[81,121,153],"searched":[83,105],"lower":[90,116],"layers.":[91],"To":[92],"provide":[93],"background":[95],"of":[96,144,160],"scene":[98],"(the":[99],"distance":[100,150],"view),":[101],"far":[102,118],"higher":[112],"layer,":[113],"because":[114],"may":[122],"not":[123],"be":[124,131,183],"visible.":[125],"potentially":[127],"visible":[128],"can":[130,182],"obtained":[132,146],"few":[135],"milliseconds":[136],"MD-trees.":[139],"According":[140],"as":[141],"number":[143],"and":[148],"object,":[156],"rendering":[158],"complexity":[159],"each":[161],"controlled":[164],"accomplish":[166],"constant":[168,179],"time":[169,180],"rendering.":[170],"With":[171],"these":[172],"techniques,":[173],"response":[181],"realized":[184],"more":[191],"than":[192],"200,000":[193],"objects.>":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
