{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108037610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.1994.413296","title":"Feature extraction and analysis of handwritten words in grey-scale images using Gabor filters","display_name":"Feature extraction and analysis of handwritten words in grey-scale images using Gabor filters","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108037610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.1994.413296","mag":"2108037610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.1994.413296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.1994.413296","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109790081","display_name":"R. Buse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Buse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Computer Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Melbourne Univ., Parkville, Vic., Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Computer Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Melbourne Univ., Parkville, Vic., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415093","display_name":"Zhi-Qiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-2871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Computer Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Melbourne Univ., Parkville, Vic., Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Computer Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Melbourne Univ., Parkville, Vic., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"164","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-filter","display_name":"Gabor filter","score":0.7627153396606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7494829893112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7063083648681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7042568922042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6305005550384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6184177398681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.559867262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5572987794876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5303630828857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.4485260546207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.43989279866218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36788350343704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.36032286286354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.28153425455093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23179534077644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07017230987548828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779883129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2447890","display_name":"Gabor filter","level":3,"score":0.7627153396606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7494829893112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7063083648681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7042568922042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6305005550384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6184177398681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.559867262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5572987794876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5303630828857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.4485260546207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43989279866218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36788350343704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36032286286354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.28153425455093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23179534077644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07017230987548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.1994.413296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.1994.413296","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006500012","https://openalex.org/W2017217497","https://openalex.org/W2026207903","https://openalex.org/W2112611022","https://openalex.org/W2130891382","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2137027750","https://openalex.org/W2138100172","https://openalex.org/W2141265687","https://openalex.org/W2151176279","https://openalex.org/W2171181782","https://openalex.org/W2172248551","https://openalex.org/W3161439748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388882557","https://openalex.org/W1569283511","https://openalex.org/W2127352224","https://openalex.org/W2139727660","https://openalex.org/W2401522294","https://openalex.org/W1962828410","https://openalex.org/W2253780618","https://openalex.org/W4205429340","https://openalex.org/W2601201456","https://openalex.org/W2079838398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,32],"present":[1],"a":[2],"new":[3],"off-line":[4],"word":[5,49,72],"recognition":[6,85],"system":[7],"that":[8,78],"is":[9,21,60],"able":[10],"to":[11,36,53,66,70,88],"recognise":[12],"unconstrained":[13],"handwritten":[14,30],"words":[15],"from":[16,39],"their":[17],"grey-scale":[18],"images,":[19],"and":[20,25,42],"based":[22],"on":[23],"structural":[24],"relational":[26],"information":[27],"in":[28],"the":[29,40,54,63,71,79],"word.":[31],"use":[33,44],"Gabor":[34,55,64],"filters":[35],"extract":[37],"features":[38],"words,":[41],"then":[43],"an":[45],"evidence-based":[46],"approach":[47],"for":[48],"classification.":[50],"A":[51],"solution":[52],"filter":[56,65],"parameter":[57],"estimation":[58],"problem":[59],"given,":[61],"enabling":[62],"be":[67],"automatically":[68],"tuned":[69],"image":[73],"properties.":[74],"Our":[75],"experiments":[76],"show":[77],"proposed":[80],"method":[81],"achieves":[82],"reasonably":[83],"high":[84],"rates":[86],"compared":[87],"standard":[89],"classification":[90],"methods.<":[91],"<ETX":[92],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[93],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">&gt;</ETX>":[94]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}