{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088889989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icics.2013.6782948","title":"Distributed localization of an unknown target in NLOS environments","display_name":"Distributed localization of an unknown target in NLOS environments","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088889989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icics.2013.6782948","mag":"2088889989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icics.2013.6782948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icics.2013.6782948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 9th International Conference on Information, Communications &amp; Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006436767","display_name":"Wenjie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8406-6810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033192742","display_name":"Mei Leng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2758-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Leng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046850399","display_name":"Wee Peng Tay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-195X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee Peng Tay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058356436","display_name":"Sirajudeen Gulam Razul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-6855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sirajudeen Gulam Razul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Temasek Laboratories Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Laboratories Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006436767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13942059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9404852390289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7366711497306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7017148733139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6728722453117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6154434084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.5762797594070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5350737571716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.49773719906806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.49310585856437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4840661585330963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4612514078617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.44953304529190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight","display_name":"Line-of-sight","score":0.4436536133289337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.43834561109542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4262768030166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-algorithm","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","score":0.4246370494365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.4241359531879425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.42181137204170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.406617134809494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2054138481616974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1914042830467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.18434715270996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14833295345306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1218145489692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.11032286286354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10401690006256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09873884916305542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9404852390289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7366711497306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7017148733139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6728722453117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6154434084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5762797594070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5350737571716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.49773719906806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.49310585856437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4840661585330963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4612514078617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44953304529190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780928442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553027","display_name":"Line-of-sight","level":2,"score":0.4436536133289337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43834561109542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4262768030166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130120984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835898","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4246370494365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4241359531879425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.42181137204170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.406617134809494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2054138481616974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1914042830467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.18434715270996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14833295345306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1218145489692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.11032286286354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10401690006256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09873884916305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icics.2013.6782948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icics.2013.6782948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 9th International Conference on Information, Communications &amp; Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686266550","https://openalex.org/W1963976967","https://openalex.org/W1978001812","https://openalex.org/W2017982824","https://openalex.org/W2021398172","https://openalex.org/W2035188723","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2108696877","https://openalex.org/W2117905067","https://openalex.org/W2154394329","https://openalex.org/W2158307424","https://openalex.org/W2158495097","https://openalex.org/W2161305486","https://openalex.org/W2963486608","https://openalex.org/W6641267387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307018408","https://openalex.org/W2353409691","https://openalex.org/W2235572374","https://openalex.org/W2215607475","https://openalex.org/W2790388238","https://openalex.org/W4206243596","https://openalex.org/W2784460138","https://openalex.org/W2154770871","https://openalex.org/W4205492756","https://openalex.org/W2155086510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,35],"propose":[1],"a":[2,64],"novel":[3],"distributed":[4,87],"on-line":[5],"expectation":[6],"maximization":[7],"method":[8],"for":[9],"passive":[10],"target":[11],"localization":[12],"in":[13],"wireless":[14],"sensor":[15,50],"networks":[16],"where":[17,39],"multiple":[18],"sensors":[19,43],"cooperate":[20],"to":[21,63,76],"process":[22],"the":[23,28,33,37,52,58,68,86],"location":[24],"information":[25],"obtained":[26],"from":[27],"radio":[29],"signal":[30,60],"transmitted":[31],"by":[32],"target.":[34],"consider":[36],"scenario":[38],"few":[40],"or":[41],"no":[42],"receive":[44],"line":[45],"of":[46,55,57,70],"sight":[47],"signals.":[48],"Each":[49],"computes":[51],"time":[53],"difference":[54],"arrival":[56],"target's":[59],"with":[61],"respect":[62],"reference":[65],"node":[66],"and":[67,78],"angle":[69],"arrival.":[71],"Our":[72],"algorithm":[73,84],"is":[74],"shown":[75],"converge":[77],"simulation":[79],"results":[80],"suggest":[81],"that":[82],"our":[83],"outperforms":[85],"maximum":[88],"likelihood":[89],"estimator.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
