{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007864338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ices.2014.7008721","title":"Evolution-in-materio: A frequency classifier using materials","display_name":"Evolution-in-materio: A frequency classifier using materials","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007864338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ices.2014.7008721","mag":"2007864338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ices.2014.7008721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ices.2014.7008721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Evolvable Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089488078","display_name":"Maktuba Mohid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-6761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maktuba Mohid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","Department of Electronics University of York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics University of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077881387","display_name":"Julian F. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-9655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian F. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","Department of Electronics University of York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics University of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103603549","display_name":"Simon L. Harding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon L. Harding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","Department of Electronics University of York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics University of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088200121","display_name":"Gunnar Tufte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-1608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunnar Tufte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008499687","display_name":"Odd Rune Lykkeb\u00f8","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9000-6419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Odd Rune Lykkebo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022881273","display_name":"Mark K. Massey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Kieran Massey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University, Durham, Durham, GB","School of Engineering and Computing Sciences and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, Durham, Durham, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing Sciences and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073255463","display_name":"M.C. Petty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5783-678X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. Petty","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, UK","School of Engineering and Computing Sciences and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing Sciences and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"46","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9427000284194946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7099440097808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6683553457260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5638442635536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotube","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","score":0.41323572397232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40270015597343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.20469748973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.14486435055732727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7099440097808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6683553457260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5638442635536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.41323572397232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40270015597343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.20469748973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.14486435055732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ices.2014.7008721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ices.2014.7008721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Evolvable Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.666.9308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.666.9308","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cartesiangp.co.uk/papers/ices2014fc-mohid.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4625739","https://openalex.org/W48389289","https://openalex.org/W1577488932","https://openalex.org/W1584817141","https://openalex.org/W1592214585","https://openalex.org/W1615222761","https://openalex.org/W1945301239","https://openalex.org/W1993103332","https://openalex.org/W2049314860","https://openalex.org/W2072396808","https://openalex.org/W2098369439","https://openalex.org/W2107432340","https://openalex.org/W2138789930","https://openalex.org/W2162915206","https://openalex.org/W2604796233","https://openalex.org/W4213333889","https://openalex.org/W6600182461","https://openalex.org/W6634959131","https://openalex.org/W6635532150","https://openalex.org/W6638085146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolution-in-materio":[0],"(EIM)":[1],"is":[2,47,55],"a":[3,20,33,51,67],"method":[4],"that":[5,59],"uses":[6],"artificial":[7],"evolution":[8],"to":[9,14,39,72],"exploit":[10],"properties":[11],"of":[12,23,62],"materials":[13,63],"solve":[15],"computational":[16],"problems":[17],"without":[18],"requiring":[19],"detailed":[21],"understanding":[22],"such":[24],"properties.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"describe":[30],"experiments":[31],"using":[32],"purpose-built":[34],"EIM":[35],"platform":[36],"called":[37],"Mecobo":[38],"classify":[40],"whether":[41],"an":[42],"applied":[43],"square":[44],"wave":[45],"signal":[46],"above":[48],"or":[49],"below":[50],"user-defined":[52],"threshold.":[53],"This":[54],"the":[56],"first":[57],"demonstration":[58],"electrical":[60],"configurations":[61],"(carbon":[64],"nanotubes":[65],"and":[66],"polymer)":[68],"can":[69],"be":[70],"evolved":[71],"act":[73],"as":[74],"frequency":[75],"classifiers.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}