{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134583413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceic51217.2021.9369756","title":"DQR: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-based QoS Routing Protocol in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","display_name":"DQR: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-based QoS Routing Protocol in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134583413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceic51217.2021.9369756","mag":"3134583413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iceic51217.2021.9369756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceic51217.2021.9369756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498844","display_name":"2021 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041294062","display_name":"Thong\u2010Nhat Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-9681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thong Nhat Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021007706","display_name":"Toan-Van Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-8170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toan-Van Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034309196","display_name":"Kyusung Shim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-0811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyusung Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037079266","display_name":"Beongku An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-3754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beongku An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Software and Communications Engineering, Hongik University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Software and Communications Engineering, Hongik University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041294062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0932,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92549505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8396396636962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7262272834777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6652926802635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.6091641187667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zone-routing-protocol","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","score":0.5482252240180969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5434603095054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.49635154008865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-routing","display_name":"Source routing","score":0.4554140567779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4477776885032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ad-hoc-on-demand-distance-vector-routing","display_name":"Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing","score":0.4266358017921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.41390717029571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.39302369952201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13795730471611023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8396396636962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7262272834777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6652926802635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.6091641187667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189884158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8073926","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.5482252240180969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5434603095054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.49635154008865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44010500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1422567","display_name":"Source routing","level":5,"score":0.4554140567779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4477776885032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104503742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345335","display_name":"Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing","level":5,"score":0.4266358017921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41390717029571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.39302369952201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13795730471611023}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iceic51217.2021.9369756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceic51217.2021.9369756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498844","display_name":"2021 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8159487455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C1083996,NRF-2020R1A6A3A13072303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2626974746","https://openalex.org/W2907688515","https://openalex.org/W2943717074","https://openalex.org/W2965811375","https://openalex.org/W2986338189","https://openalex.org/W3047072514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984869556","https://openalex.org/W2144907052","https://openalex.org/W2055056424","https://openalex.org/W2162575280","https://openalex.org/W2139772944","https://openalex.org/W2146887071","https://openalex.org/W2556085376","https://openalex.org/W2187992517","https://openalex.org/W2062405981","https://openalex.org/W2139978795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,38],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,55,103],"novel":[6],"deep":[7,46],"reinforcement":[8,47],"learning-based":[9],"quality-of-service":[10],"routing":[11,80],"(DQR)":[12],"protocol":[13,53,89,105],"to":[14,25,58,73],"establish":[15],"the":[16,26,44,51,66,70,87,91],"best":[17],"route":[18],"with":[19,61],"minimum":[20,62],"end-to-end":[21],"queuing":[22,77],"delay":[23,78],"subject":[24],"number":[27],"of":[28,69,96],"hops":[29],"constraint":[30],"in":[31,94,106],"cognitive":[32],"mobile":[33],"ad":[34],"hoc":[35],"networks":[36],"(CRAHNs).":[37],"forwarding":[39],"RREQ":[40,56],"process,":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43],"proposed":[45],"learning":[48],"(DRL)":[49],"model,":[50],"DQR":[52,88],"unicasts":[54],"packet":[57],"its":[59],"neighbor":[60],"cost-value":[63],"which":[64],"avoids":[65],"affected":[67],"region":[68],"primary":[71],"user":[72],"save":[74],"control":[75,97],"overheads,":[76],"and":[79,100],"delay.":[81],"The":[82],"simulation":[83],"results":[84],"show":[85],"that":[86],"outperforms":[90],"AODV":[92],"one":[93],"terms":[95],"overhead,":[98],"PDR,":[99],"delay,":[101],"suggesting":[102],"real-time":[104],"CRAHNs.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-30T09:15:22.047038","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}