{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417170058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270635","title":"Readout Circuits for Three-dimensional Integration of Single-photon Avalanche Diode Detector Arrays","display_name":"Readout Circuits for Three-dimensional Integration of Single-photon Avalanche Diode Detector Arrays","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417170058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270635"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 32nd IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101689861","display_name":"Zhenjie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1717-5790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206895457","display_name":"University of Siegen","ror":"https://ror.org/02azyry73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siegen,Institute of Analogue Circuits and Image Sensors,Siegen,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siegen,Institute of Analogue Circuits and Image Sensors,Siegen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077797379","display_name":"Bhaskar Choubey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5969-4399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206895457","display_name":"University of Siegen","ror":"https://ror.org/02azyry73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhaskar Choubey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siegen,Institute of Analogue Circuits and Image Sensors,Siegen,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siegen,Institute of Analogue Circuits and Image Sensors,Siegen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101689861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36644047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6444000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.4821999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megabit","display_name":"Megabit","score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-photon-avalanche-diode","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-diode","display_name":"Avalanche diode","score":0.33550000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6444000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.4821999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185177783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3332814","display_name":"Megabit","level":2,"score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193361668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523761","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95341827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175898","display_name":"Avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33652038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175906","display_name":"Avalanche breakdown","level":4,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96566525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805282","display_name":"Time delay and integration","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33574316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917260","display_name":"Passivation","level":3,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57410435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505668","display_name":"Chemical vapor deposition","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50566616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180586","display_name":"Zener diode","level":4,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4464978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176235","display_name":"Tunnel diode","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54725748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247277","display_name":"Process integration","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 32nd IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980309951","https://openalex.org/W2973538687","https://openalex.org/W3026747905","https://openalex.org/W3102557549","https://openalex.org/W3184851276","https://openalex.org/W4226401564","https://openalex.org/W4386025656","https://openalex.org/W4388297968","https://openalex.org/W4390285230","https://openalex.org/W4411142792"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,131],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,50,81,89,113],"CMOS":[4,47,117],"readout":[5,66],"circuit":[6,67],"for":[7,102,121],"three-dimensional":[8],"(3D)":[9],"integration":[10,43,124],"of":[11,54,64,85,145],"single-photon":[12],"avalanche":[13,70],"diode":[14],"(SPAD)":[15],"arrays.":[16],"The":[17,78],"compact":[18],"pixel":[19],"architecture":[20],"incorporates":[21],"active":[22],"quenching":[23],"and":[24,42,74,88,141],"recharge":[25],"(AQR)":[26],"circuits":[27],"with":[28,44,119],"an":[29],"in-pixel":[30],"digital":[31],"counter.":[32],"A":[33,106],"dedicated":[34],"top-layer":[35],"passivation":[36],"opening":[37],"enables":[38],"vertical":[39],"photodiode":[40],"deposition":[41,129],"the":[45,65,100,135,143],"underlying":[46],"circuitry,":[48],"achieving":[49],"fill":[51],"factor":[52],"(FF)":[53],"about":[55],"43%":[56],"without":[57],"costly":[58],"3D":[59],"stacking":[60],"processes.":[61],"Simulation":[62],"results":[63,79],"demonstrate":[68],"efficient":[69],"quenching,":[71],"high-speed":[72],"operation,":[73],"low":[75],"power":[76],"consumption.":[77],"indicate":[80],"minimum":[82],"dead":[83],"time":[84],"1.2":[86],"ns":[87],"full":[90],"voltage":[91],"swing":[92],"from":[93],"0":[94],"V":[95],"to":[96,137],"3.3":[97],"V,":[98],"validating":[99],"design":[101],"high-performance":[103],"SPAD":[104,123],"imaging.":[105],"32\u00d732":[107],"array":[108],"has":[109,134],"been":[110],"implemented":[111],"in":[112],"standard":[114],"180":[115],"nm":[116],"process":[118],"provisions":[120],"low-cost":[122],"via":[125],"plasma-enhanced":[126],"chemical":[127],"vapor":[128],"(PECVD).":[130],"hybrid":[132],"strategy":[133],"potential":[136],"lower":[138],"fabrication":[139],"cost":[140],"broaden":[142],"applicability":[144],"SPAD-based":[146],"imaging":[147],"systems.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-09T00:00:00"}
