{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311224402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971043","title":"Qubit Bias using a CMOS DAC at mK Temperatures","display_name":"Qubit Bias using a CMOS DAC at mK Temperatures","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311224402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607963","display_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078505146","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 Otten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-1103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Otten","raw_affiliation_strings":["JARA Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,Aachen,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JARA Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038200255","display_name":"L. Schreckenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-8799"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Schreckenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Institute of Engineering,Electronics and Analytics, Electronic Systems (ZEA-2) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,Jülich,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Institute of Engineering,Electronics and Analytics, Electronic Systems (ZEA-2) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,Jülich,Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061429123","display_name":"Patrick Vliex","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-7402"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Vliex","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Institute of Engineering,Electronics and Analytics, Electronic Systems (ZEA-2) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,Jülich,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Institute of Engineering,Electronics and Analytics, Electronic Systems (ZEA-2) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,Jülich,Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031155725","display_name":"Julian Ritzmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ritzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkorperphysik,Bochum,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkorperphysik,Bochum,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014155007","display_name":"Arne Ludwig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ludwig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkorperphysik,Bochum,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkorperphysik,Bochum,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015265527","display_name":"Andreas D. Wieck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. D. Wieck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkorperphysik,Bochum,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkorperphysik,Bochum,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023543317","display_name":"Hendrik Bluhm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-7254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Bluhm","raw_affiliation_strings":["JARA Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,Aachen,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JARA Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078505146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7866839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.7629717588424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6855953931808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47165217995643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.44530078768730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.4446813464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43893951177597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4250732958316803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3818478584289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.36637985706329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3611249029636383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33622634410858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22088223695755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.19191640615463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.11218681931495667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.7629717588424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6855953931808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47165217995643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.44530078768730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4446813464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43893951177597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4250732958316803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3818478584289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36637985706329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3611249029636383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33622634410858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22088223695755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.19191640615463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.11218681931495667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607963","display_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G464589404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13N16149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1860149238","https://openalex.org/W1905615372","https://openalex.org/W2030867075","https://openalex.org/W2291364904","https://openalex.org/W2527981872","https://openalex.org/W2591036338","https://openalex.org/W3021049674","https://openalex.org/W3044583064","https://openalex.org/W3089495739","https://openalex.org/W3092462026","https://openalex.org/W3124658597","https://openalex.org/W3163303881","https://openalex.org/W3210848701","https://openalex.org/W4286571740","https://openalex.org/W4293337661","https://openalex.org/W4321610982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W4382281260","https://openalex.org/W4386230336","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W2171986175","https://openalex.org/W1546864018","https://openalex.org/W2951363717","https://openalex.org/W2134613344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scaling":[0],"up":[1],"a":[2,46,85,95,109,118,152,184],"quantum":[3],"processor":[4],"to":[5,58,136],"tackle":[6],"real-world":[7],"problems":[8],"requires":[9],"qubit":[10,67,74,92,141,150,172,178,205],"numbers":[11],"in":[12],"the":[13,56,62,66,73,105,130,149,171,199,218],"millions.":[14],"Scalable":[15],"semiconductor-based":[16],"architectures":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19,37],"proposed,":[20],"many":[21],"of":[22,29,72,108,121,187,201,220],"them":[23],"relying":[24],"on":[25,104],"integrated":[26,209],"control":[27],"instead":[28],"room-temperature":[30],"electronics.":[31],"However,":[32],"it":[33,51],"has":[34],"not":[35,215],"yet":[36],"shown":[38],"that":[39,177],"this":[40,195],"can":[41],"be":[42,59],"achieved.":[43],"For":[44],"developing":[45],"high-density,":[47],"low-cost":[48],"wiring":[49],"solution,":[50],"is":[52,146,192],"highly":[53,208],"advantageous":[54],"for":[55,139],"electronics":[57,83],"placed":[60],"at":[61,180],"same":[63],"temperature":[64,167],"as":[65],"chip.":[68,173],"Therefore,":[69],"tight":[70,160],"integration":[71],"chip":[75,116],"with":[76,148,183,194,217],"ultra":[77],"low":[78,203],"power":[79,185,204],"complemen-tary":[80],"metal-oxide-semiconductor":[81],"(CMOS)":[82],"presents":[84],"promising":[86],"route.":[87],"We":[88],"demonstrate":[89],"DC":[90],"biasing":[91,206],"electrodes":[93],"using":[94,151,170,207],"custom-designed":[96],"65nm":[97],"CMOS":[98],"capacitive":[99,131],"digital-to-analog":[100],"converter":[101],"(DAC)":[102],"operating":[103],"mixing":[106],"chamber":[107],"dilution":[110],"refrigerator":[111],"below":[112],"45":[113],"mK.":[114],"Our":[115,174],"features":[117],"complete":[119],"proof":[120],"principle":[122],"solution":[123],"including":[124],"interface,":[125],"DAC":[126,145],"memory":[127],"and":[128,133,159,166],"logic,":[129],"DAC,":[132],"sample-and-hold":[134],"structures":[135],"provide":[137],"voltages":[138],"multiple":[140],"gates.":[142],"The":[143],"bias-":[144],"combined":[147],"silicon":[153],"interposer":[154],"chip,":[155],"enabling":[156],"flexible":[157],"routing":[158],"integration.":[161],"Voltage":[162],"stability,":[163],"noise":[164],"performance,":[165],"are":[168],"benchmarked":[169],"results":[175],"indicate":[176],"bias":[179],"cryogenic":[181],"temperatures":[182],"consumption":[186],"4":[188],"n":[189],"W":[190],"/ch":[191],"feasible":[193],"approach.":[196],"They":[197],"validate":[198],"potential":[200],"very":[202],"circuits":[210],"whose":[211],"connectivity":[212],"requirements":[213],"do":[214],"increase":[216],"number":[219],"qubits.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T08:12:03.925757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}