{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2885453231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2018.8436282","title":"A Comparative Study of Soft Skills Amongst the Washington Accord Engineering Degree Graduates with Industry Expectations","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Soft Skills Amongst the Washington Accord Engineering Degree Graduates with Industry Expectations","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2885453231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2018.8436282","mag":"2885453231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice.2018.8436282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2018.8436282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003433057","display_name":"Tossea Wilson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. T. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate School of Engineering Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate School of Engineering Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001747120","display_name":"Annliz\u00e9 L. Marnewick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.L. Marnewick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate School of Engineering Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate School of Engineering Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003433057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92244875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12124","display_name":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12124","display_name":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13844","display_name":"Higher Education Learning Practices","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-skills","display_name":"Soft skills","score":0.8988850116729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teamwork","display_name":"Teamwork","score":0.7057548761367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skills-management","display_name":"Skills management","score":0.6495790481567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.6341469287872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-skills","display_name":"Communication skills","score":0.6276514530181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.6145107746124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-skills","display_name":"Social skills","score":0.6114000678062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity","display_name":"Creativity","score":0.5879262685775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-education","display_name":"Engineering education","score":0.49979233741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-skills","display_name":"People skills","score":0.4994325637817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.43785613775253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-skills","display_name":"Life skills","score":0.4340297281742096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.43342095613479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.42508354783058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.3428763747215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3201417624950409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3027074337005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.2849005460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.26052629947662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.21893751621246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.12960976362228394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43075056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15910354","display_name":"Soft skills","level":2,"score":0.8988850116729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111226992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626225","display_name":"Teamwork","level":2,"score":0.7057548761367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97082442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934361","display_name":"Skills management","level":2,"score":0.6495790481567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.6341469287872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988115150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication skills","level":2,"score":0.6276514530181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6145107746124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86772948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413287","display_name":"Social skills","level":2,"score":0.6114000678062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.5879262685775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.49979233741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190107298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4229879","display_name":"People skills","level":3,"score":0.4994325637817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43785613775253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501001295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2480597","display_name":"Life skills","level":2,"score":0.4340297281742096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.43342095613479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.42508354783058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3428763747215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3201417624950409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3027074337005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.2849005460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.26052629947662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.21893751621246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12960976362228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice.2018.8436282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2018.8436282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112130884","https://openalex.org/W1542768081","https://openalex.org/W1563171401","https://openalex.org/W1859502711","https://openalex.org/W1960313955","https://openalex.org/W1993239056","https://openalex.org/W2003147621","https://openalex.org/W2004306680","https://openalex.org/W2009857967","https://openalex.org/W2042064792","https://openalex.org/W2048496645","https://openalex.org/W2063186961","https://openalex.org/W2072538785","https://openalex.org/W2074119665","https://openalex.org/W2089629909","https://openalex.org/W2113091183","https://openalex.org/W2143291310","https://openalex.org/W2159188581","https://openalex.org/W2166116069","https://openalex.org/W2169996405","https://openalex.org/W2184781773","https://openalex.org/W2215578245","https://openalex.org/W2492423524","https://openalex.org/W2537585973","https://openalex.org/W2561561806","https://openalex.org/W2562457051","https://openalex.org/W2594217932","https://openalex.org/W3124273014","https://openalex.org/W3125447342","https://openalex.org/W6604532812","https://openalex.org/W6668708969","https://openalex.org/W6686902333","https://openalex.org/W6688481098","https://openalex.org/W6789966667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189494603","https://openalex.org/W4239147960","https://openalex.org/W3130647994","https://openalex.org/W2255755871","https://openalex.org/W2257716354","https://openalex.org/W3180027893","https://openalex.org/W4200125601","https://openalex.org/W3145684448","https://openalex.org/W859441528","https://openalex.org/W4220995918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graduate":[0],"engineers":[1,15,28,92,130,158],"in":[2,37,45,133],"the":[3,38,72,76,101,134,153,161,184],"21":[4,39],"<sup":[5,40],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[6,41],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">st</sup>":[7,42],"century":[8],"are":[9,99,131,159,196],"expected":[10],"to":[11,30,70,74,191,199],"be":[12,189],"well":[13],"rounded":[14],"after":[16],"graduating":[17],"with":[18,93,175],"a":[19,32,51,94],"Washington":[20,79,95],"accord":[21,80,96],"degree.":[22],"Academics":[23],"and":[24,84,122,148,168],"industry":[25,85,126,176,201],"concur":[26],"that":[27,90,128,156,181],"need":[29],"have":[31,50],"set":[33],"of":[34,66],"soft":[35,46,103,136,163],"skills":[36,47,62,170],"century.":[43],"Competence":[44],"may":[48,188],"equally":[49],"great":[52],"influence":[53],"over":[54],"an":[55],"engineer's":[56],"general":[57],"career":[58],"achievement":[59],"as":[60],"hard":[61],"competences.":[63],"The":[64,87,178],"purpose":[65],"this":[67],"study":[68,88],"is":[69],"investigate":[71],"magnitude":[73],"which":[75],"gap":[77],"between":[78],"engineering":[81,185,193],"degrees":[82],"offer":[83],"expectations.":[86,177,202],"found":[89,127],"graduate":[91,129,157],"(WA)":[97],"degree":[98],"taught":[100,160],"following":[102,135,162],"skills;":[104,137,164],"communication":[105,165],"skills,":[106,109,112,118,139,144,147,166],"teamwork,":[107,141],"entrepreneurial":[108,169],"problem":[110,145],"solving":[111,146],"decision":[113,142],"making,":[114],"ethic,":[115],"self":[116,149],"management":[117,150],"life":[119],"long":[120],"learning,":[121],"creativity/innovation.":[123],"In":[124],"contrast,":[125],"competent":[132],"interpersonal":[138],"flexibility,":[140],"making":[143],"skills.":[151],"Moreover,":[152],"result":[154],"revealed":[155],"ethics,":[167],"but":[171],"were":[172],"not":[173],"inline":[174],"findings":[179],"suggest":[180],"by":[182],"revising":[183],"curricula,":[186],"it":[187],"able":[190],"produce":[192],"graduates":[194],"who":[195],"more":[197],"prepared":[198],"meet":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
