{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115592387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2009.176","title":"Italic or Roman: Word Style Recognition without A Priori Knowledge for Old Printed Documents","display_name":"Italic or Roman: Word Style Recognition without A Priori Knowledge for Old Printed Documents","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115592387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2009.176","mag":"2115592387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2009.176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2009.176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076999329","display_name":"Loris Eynard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178906410","display_name":"Lyon College","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4kec23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178906410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155607","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique en Images et Syst\u00e8mes d'Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04dv4he91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I188626449","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210155607","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loris Eynard","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS, UMR5205, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, France","CNRS INSA-Lyon, Univ. de Lyon, Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS, UMR5205, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155607","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS INSA-Lyon, Univ. de Lyon, Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178906410","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108075929","display_name":"Hubert Emptoz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178906410","display_name":"Lyon College","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4kec23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178906410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155607","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique en Images et Syst\u00e8mes d'Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04dv4he91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I188626449","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210155607","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubert Emptoz","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS, UMR5205, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, France","CNRS INSA-Lyon, Univ. de Lyon, Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LIRIS, UMR5205, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155607","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS INSA-Lyon, Univ. de Lyon, Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178906410","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72427467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"823","last_page":"827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.8488513827323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7154297828674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.6818771362304688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6604297161102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-segmentation","display_name":"Text segmentation","score":0.6377574801445007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6225700378417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6161994338035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.5527167916297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5284307599067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthographic-projection","display_name":"Orthographic projection","score":0.5066230893135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/font","display_name":"Font","score":0.4763118028640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.4662429690361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.4587670862674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.392039030790329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33183300495147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.25757721066474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21850842237472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1705905795097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08042261004447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.06224280595779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.058783262968063354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.8488513827323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7154297828674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.6818771362304688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6604297161102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98501671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1948408","display_name":"Text segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6377574801445007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6225700378417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6161994338035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.5527167916297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5284307599067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175694140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980329","display_name":"Orthographic projection","level":2,"score":0.5066230893135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777737414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868296","display_name":"Font","level":2,"score":0.4763118028640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4662429690361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.4587670862674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.392039030790329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33183300495147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.25757721066474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21850842237472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1705905795097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08042261004447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.06224280595779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.058783262968063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2009.176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2009.176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01437702v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01437702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICDAR 2009, Jul 2009, Barcelone, Spain. pp.823-827, ⟨10.1109/ICDAR.2009.176⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W234776095","https://openalex.org/W2006651074","https://openalex.org/W2008763725","https://openalex.org/W2062987701","https://openalex.org/W2120686266","https://openalex.org/W2124835099","https://openalex.org/W2130608499","https://openalex.org/W2140520569","https://openalex.org/W4248558790","https://openalex.org/W4255511818","https://openalex.org/W6609189954","https://openalex.org/W6652185977","https://openalex.org/W6652473014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2402920184","https://openalex.org/W2147687867","https://openalex.org/W2582695981","https://openalex.org/W2496907786","https://openalex.org/W2483185727","https://openalex.org/W2612325988","https://openalex.org/W2065700119","https://openalex.org/W2156659054","https://openalex.org/W2073732462","https://openalex.org/W3120083888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,17],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"Italic/Roman":[4],"word":[5,43,49,64],"type":[6],"recognition":[7,122],"system":[8],"without":[9],"a":[10,63,66,93,102,118],"priori":[11],"knowledge":[12],"on":[13,58,101],"the":[14,35,41,48,59,70,81,86,112],"characters'":[15],"font.":[16],"method":[18],"aims":[19],"at":[20],"analyzing":[21],"old":[22],"documents":[23],"in":[24],"which":[25,55],"character":[26],"segmentation":[27],"is":[28],"not":[29,91],"trivial.":[30],"Therefore":[31],"our":[32],"approach":[33],"segments":[34],"document":[36],"into":[37],"words":[38,125],"and":[39,65,109,126],"analyse":[40],"text":[42],"per":[44],"word.":[45,87],"To":[46],"define":[47],"style,":[50],"we":[51,89,97],"combine":[52],"three":[53],"criteria":[54,73],"are":[56,74],"based":[57],"visual":[60],"differences":[61],"between":[62],"slanted":[67],"version":[68],"of":[69,85,105,120],"same":[71],"word.These":[72],"defined":[75],"thanks":[76],"to":[77],"features":[78],"computed":[79],"from":[80],"vertical":[82],"projection":[83],"profile":[84],"Because":[88],"do":[90],"assume":[92],"specific":[94],"slant":[95,107],"angle,":[96],"compute":[98],"these":[99],"measures":[100],"whole":[103],"range":[104],"possible":[106],"angles":[108],"then":[110],"sum":[111],"obtained":[113],"scores.":[114],"Our":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"ratio":[119],"100%":[121],"for":[123,128],"Italic":[124],"97.2%":[127],"Roman":[129],"words.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}