{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313451479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995821","title":"Battle of Deep Fakes: Artificial Intelligence Set to Become a Major Threat to the Individual and National Security","display_name":"Battle of Deep Fakes: Artificial Intelligence Set to Become a Major Threat to the Individual and National Security","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313451479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608155","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101493398","display_name":"Atif Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3055-6029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200749728","display_name":"Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/035zn2q74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atif Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arid Agriculture University,UIIT, PMAS,Rawalpindi,Pakistan","UIIT, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arid Agriculture University,UIIT, PMAS,Rawalpindi,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIIT, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011055051","display_name":"Khushboo Farid Khan Ghouri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khushboo Farid Khan Ghouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan","University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074111102","display_name":"Hina Naseem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181355716","display_name":"Allama Iqbal Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vympt94","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hina Naseem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allama Iqbal Open University,Islamabad,Pakistan","Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allama Iqbal Open University,Islamabad,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006679178","display_name":"Tariq Rahim Soomro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7119-0644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150297","display_name":"Institute of Business Management","ror":"https://ror.org/048w4c951","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150297"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Rahim Soomro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Business Management,CCSIS,Karachi,Sindh,Pakistan,75190"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Business Management,CCSIS,Karachi,Sindh,Pakistan,75190","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150297"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081414719","display_name":"Wathiq Mansoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2784-5188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132806614","display_name":"University of Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/05h0z7c09","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wathiq Mansoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dubai,College of Engineering and IT,Dubai","College of Engineering and IT, University of Dubai, Dubai"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dubai,College of Engineering and IT,Dubai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and IT, University of Dubai, Dubai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022913716","display_name":"Alaa M. Momani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-6186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799888298","display_name":"Skyline University College","ror":"https://ror.org/05r7nbf33","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799888298"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alaa M. Momani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Skyline University College University City Sharjah, 1797,School of Information Technology,Sharjah,UAE","School of Information Technology, Skyline University College University City Sharjah, 1797, Sharjah, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skyline University College University City Sharjah, 1797,School of Information Technology,Sharjah,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799888298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Skyline University College University City Sharjah, 1797, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799888298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101493398"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2951,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90328564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14064","display_name":"Organizational and Employee Performance","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14064","display_name":"Organizational and Employee Performance","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.763948917388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"Disinformation","score":0.7053903937339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.6423550844192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"National security","score":0.639415979385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5985894799232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battle","display_name":"Battle","score":0.5299535989761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5060314536094666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4905823767185211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45952922105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4575442969799042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion","display_name":"Public opinion","score":0.4401395320892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4379127025604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4204627275466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.41077151894569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3317526578903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2976330518722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2924899160861969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.19190910458564758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.763948917388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.7053903937339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.6423550844192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.639415979385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5985894799232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.5299535989761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5060314536094666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4905823767185211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45952922105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4575442969799042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.4401395320892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4379127025604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4204627275466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41077151894569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3317526578903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2976330518722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2924899160861969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.19190910458564758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608155","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2338264324","https://openalex.org/W2904415173","https://openalex.org/W2927107250","https://openalex.org/W2963597855","https://openalex.org/W2997433616","https://openalex.org/W3020773065","https://openalex.org/W3028563849","https://openalex.org/W3107338991","https://openalex.org/W3122194483","https://openalex.org/W3203358497","https://openalex.org/W3207872601","https://openalex.org/W4200224789","https://openalex.org/W4200616942","https://openalex.org/W4205555939","https://openalex.org/W4205850410","https://openalex.org/W4205867314","https://openalex.org/W4206117987","https://openalex.org/W4210307365","https://openalex.org/W4212939825","https://openalex.org/W4223992687","https://openalex.org/W4224920825","https://openalex.org/W4224921329","https://openalex.org/W4224940374","https://openalex.org/W4224941184","https://openalex.org/W4281674651","https://openalex.org/W6765712431","https://openalex.org/W6785956915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043508177","https://openalex.org/W4382752644","https://openalex.org/W4309170162","https://openalex.org/W3049488969","https://openalex.org/W2043544044","https://openalex.org/W3209170404","https://openalex.org/W2067549128","https://openalex.org/W4226303916","https://openalex.org/W4388052379","https://openalex.org/W4306317210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,98,127],"article":[1,87],"discusses":[2,88],"the":[3,28,41,113,144,154],"possibility":[4],"of":[5,20,30,43,55,140,146,156],"political":[6,23,148],"organizations":[7],"utilizing":[8],"deepfake":[9,56],"technologies.":[10],"It":[11],"is":[12],"observed":[13],"that":[14],"deepfakes":[15,100,120],"can":[16,63],"affect":[17],"all":[18],"levels":[19],"public":[21],"and":[22,25,38,46,49,68,73,81,93,105,121,135,149,158],"life":[24],"contribute":[26],"to":[27,70,78,102,152],"development":[29],"several":[31],"problems,":[32],"including":[33],"reputational":[34],"risks":[35],"for":[36,119],"celebrities":[37],"ordinary":[39],"citizens,":[40],"growth":[42],"organized":[44],"crime,":[45],"social":[47],"stability":[48],"national":[50],"security":[51],"concerns.":[52],"sophistication":[54],"technology":[57,96],"(DT)":[58],"has":[59],"increased":[60],"significantly.":[61],"Cybercriminals":[62],"now":[64],"modify":[65],"sounds,":[66],"images,":[67],"movies":[69],"scam":[71],"individuals":[72,82],"organizations.":[74],"This":[75,86],"growing":[76],"threat":[77],"international":[79],"institutions":[80],"demands":[83],"our":[84],"attention.":[85],"deepfakes,":[89],"their":[90],"societal":[91],"benefits,":[92],"how":[94],"deception":[95],"works.":[97],"hazards":[99],"pose":[101],"enterprises,":[103],"governments,":[104],"legal":[106,150],"systems":[107],"worldwide":[108],"are":[109],"highlighted.":[110],"In":[111],"addition,":[112],"paper":[114],"will":[115],"examine":[116],"potential":[117,132],"solutions":[118],"end":[122],"with":[123],"future":[124],"research":[125],"goals.":[126],"authors":[128],"conclude":[129],"by":[130],"discussing":[131],"threats,":[133],"prospects,":[134],"key":[136],"pathsfor":[137],"state":[138],"regulation":[139],"this":[141],"content":[142],"within":[143],"framework":[145],"broader":[147],"instruments":[151],"combat":[153],"spread":[155],"disinformation":[157],"fake":[159],"news.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
