{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027452930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccomm.2014.6866669","title":"Spam host classification using swarm intelligence","display_name":"Spam host classification using swarm intelligence","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027452930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccomm.2014.6866669","mag":"2027452930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccomm.2014.6866669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccomm.2014.6866669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 10th International Conference on Communications (COMM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076196659","display_name":"Adriana-Cristina Enache","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141595442","display_name":"University of Bucharest","ror":"https://ror.org/02x2v6p15","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adriana-Cristina Enache","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, Politehnica University, Bucharest, Romania","Fac. of Autom. Control & Comput. Sci., Politeh. Univ., Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, Politehnica University, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Autom. Control & Comput. Sci., Politeh. Univ., Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111912596","display_name":"Victor Valeriu Patriciu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802885015","display_name":"Military Technical Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01tqmsq19","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802885015"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Valeriu Patriciu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Technical Academy, Computer Science, Bucharest, Romania","Comput. Sci., Mil. Tech. Acad., Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Technical Academy, Computer Science, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802885015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci., Mil. Tech. Acad., Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802885015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076196659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141595442","https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5778,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87686202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamming","display_name":"Spamming","score":0.975542426109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamdexing","display_name":"Spamdexing","score":0.8789377212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7747310400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6478573679924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.6415401697158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6306320428848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.5671848058700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-optimization","display_name":"Search engine optimization","score":0.4962950348854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.4897039234638214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.47431063652038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spambot","display_name":"Spambot","score":0.4692041277885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","score":0.4511031210422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4160418212413788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4117993116378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3437432646751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3155781626701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-engine","display_name":"Web search engine","score":0.301037073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2968302071094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.26499855518341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.26172417402267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.18019485473632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.13959336280822754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.975542426109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13565553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Spamdexing","level":5,"score":0.8789377212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7747310400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6478573679924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.6415401697158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6306320428848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.5671848058700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178218473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180711","display_name":"Search engine optimization","level":3,"score":0.4962950348854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4897039234638214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.47431063652038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127735637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306702","display_name":"Spambot","level":4,"score":0.4692041277885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.4511031210422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4160418212413788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4117993116378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3437432646751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3155781626701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521815418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4182287","display_name":"Web search engine","level":4,"score":0.301037073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2968302071094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26499855518341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26172417402267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.18019485473632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.13959336280822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccomm.2014.6866669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccomm.2014.6866669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 10th International Conference on Communications (COMM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109973975","https://openalex.org/W134004993","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1769852110","https://openalex.org/W1845137714","https://openalex.org/W2095376951","https://openalex.org/W2100738695","https://openalex.org/W2112358949","https://openalex.org/W2115114820","https://openalex.org/W2130196635","https://openalex.org/W2139148100","https://openalex.org/W2163396107","https://openalex.org/W2169270715","https://openalex.org/W2293296324","https://openalex.org/W2500651746","https://openalex.org/W2773035443","https://openalex.org/W4229881848","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292408555","https://openalex.org/W6604433897","https://openalex.org/W6605486074","https://openalex.org/W6677032378","https://openalex.org/W6696803589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091208042","https://openalex.org/W2738482239","https://openalex.org/W2246912952","https://openalex.org/W3098355271","https://openalex.org/W2920666515","https://openalex.org/W2099937822","https://openalex.org/W2080521416","https://openalex.org/W2552201931","https://openalex.org/W1551975479","https://openalex.org/W2103881442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Web":[0,73],"Spam,":[1],"or":[2,66],"Spamdexing,":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,30,61,83,108],"form":[6],"of":[7,16,21,40],"Search":[8],"Engine":[9],"Optimization(SEO)":[10],"spamming":[11],"that":[12,88,104,129],"hinders":[13],"the":[14,34,38,41,52,70],"efficiency":[15],"search":[17,45,53],"engines.":[18],"These":[19],"types":[20],"exploits":[22],"use":[23],"unethical":[24],"methods":[25],"in":[26,134],"order":[27],"to":[28,50],"place":[29],"web":[31],"page":[32],"into":[33],"first":[35],"rank.":[36],"Sabotaging":[37],"quality":[39],"results":[42],"retrieved":[43],"by":[44],"engines":[46],"can":[47,59,106,131],"lead":[48],"users":[49],"mistrust":[51],"engine":[54],"provider.":[55],"Moreover,":[56,111],"spam":[57,84],"websites":[58],"be":[60],"starting":[62],"point":[63],"for":[64],"phishing":[65],"malware":[67],"attacks.":[68],"Over":[69],"last":[71],"decade":[72],"Spamming":[74],"has":[75],"become":[76],"an":[77],"important":[78],"problem.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"shows":[82],"host":[85],"detection":[86],"approach":[87,115],"uses":[89],"swarm":[90],"intelligence.":[91],"We":[92],"test":[93],"our":[94,114],"model":[95],"on":[96],"two":[97],"datasets":[98],"(WEBSPAM-UK2011":[99],"and":[100,102,122,126],"WEBSPAM-UK2007)":[101],"show":[103],"it":[105,130],"obtain":[107],"good":[109],"accuracy.":[110],"we":[112],"compared":[113],"with":[116],"other":[117],"popular":[118],"classifiers":[119],"(C4.5,":[120],"SVM":[121],"Logistic":[123],"Regression":[124],")":[125],"empirically":[127],"demonstrated":[128],"outperform":[132],"them":[133],"some":[135],"cases.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
