{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390494125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin58801.2023.10375631","title":"A Proposal of Constant Modification Problem for Beginners to Start Scratch Programming","display_name":"A Proposal of Constant Modification Problem for Beginners to Start Scratch Programming","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390494125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin58801.2023.10375631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-berlin58801.2023.10375631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin58801.2023.10375631","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 13th International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055349985","display_name":"Xiqin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5311-3388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136446963","display_name":"Okayama University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05aevyc10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136446963"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163770644","display_name":"Okayama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pc6pc55","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiqin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Okayama University,Department of Information and Communication Systems,Japan","Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Okayama University,Department of Information and Communication Systems,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136446963","https://openalex.org/I163770644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057610115","display_name":"Nobuo Funabiki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3234-3473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136446963","display_name":"Okayama University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05aevyc10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136446963"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163770644","display_name":"Okayama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pc6pc55","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuo Funabiki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Okayama University,Department of Information and Communication Systems,Japan","Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Okayama University,Department of Information and Communication Systems,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136446963","https://openalex.org/I163770644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012730159","display_name":"Soe Thandar Aung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4598-0878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163770644","display_name":"Okayama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pc6pc55","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136446963","display_name":"Okayama University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05aevyc10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136446963"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soe Thandar Aung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Okayama University,Department of Information and Communication Systems,Japan","Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Okayama University,Department of Information and Communication Systems,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136446963","https://openalex.org/I163770644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080473129","display_name":"Wen-Chung Kao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-8883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Chung Kao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan Normal University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan Normal University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055349985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136446963","https://openalex.org/I163770644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20350183,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"153","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.9689233303070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8225302696228027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6052707433700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.6000180840492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5545225143432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.4403369426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.4079749882221222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.9689233303070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8225302696228027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6052707433700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6000180840492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5545225143432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4403369426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.4079749882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-berlin58801.2023.10375631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin58801.2023.10375631","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 13th International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W2143470593","https://openalex.org/W4312938016","https://openalex.org/W4367693084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2475116013","https://openalex.org/W2770018148","https://openalex.org/W2358308169","https://openalex.org/W2385135707","https://openalex.org/W2140315382","https://openalex.org/W2059109728","https://openalex.org/W322691623","https://openalex.org/W2494989134","https://openalex.org/W2509444723","https://openalex.org/W2004958254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scratch":[0,29,52,80,85,112,115,128],"is":[1,20,54,144],"a":[2,51,58,62,69,75,101,119],"block-based":[3],"programming":[4,35],"language":[5],"developed":[6],"by":[7],"MIT,":[8],"that":[9,22],"can":[10],"easily":[11],"create":[12],"digital":[13],"stories,":[14],"games":[15,86],"and":[16,25,43,123,139],"interactive":[17],"animations.":[18],"It":[19],"found":[21],"the":[23,98,104,111,114,124,127,136,140,151],"experience":[24],"knowledge":[26],"of":[27,77,100,110,121,142],"learning":[28,32],"may":[30,39],"facilitate":[31],"more":[33],"advanced":[34],"languages.":[36],"However,":[37],"beginners":[38],"be":[40],"completely":[41],"clueless":[42],"uninspired":[44],"to":[45,87,96,117,126],"get":[46],"started":[47],"with":[48,150],"Scratch.":[49],"Modifying":[50],"project":[53,116,129],"preferred":[55],"than":[56],"creating":[57],"new":[59],"one":[60],"for":[61,79],"beginner.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"Constant":[70],"Modification":[71],"Problem":[72],"(CMP)":[73],"as":[74],"type":[76],"practices":[78],"learning.":[81],"We":[82],"choose":[83],"five":[84],"generate":[88],"CMP":[89,94,107],"instances.":[90],"Each":[91],"question":[92],"in":[93,103],"asks":[95],"answer":[97],"modification":[99],"constant":[102],"code.":[105],"A":[106],"instance":[108],"consists":[109],"codes,":[113],"play,":[118],"set":[120],"questions,":[122],"link":[125],"editor.":[130],"The":[131],"user":[132],"interface":[133],"runs":[134],"on":[135],"web":[137],"browser,":[138],"correctness":[141],"answers":[143,153],"marked":[145],"automatically":[146],"through":[147],"string":[148],"matching":[149],"correct":[152],"though":[154],"it.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}