{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200213209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd53106.2021.00051","title":"Fast and Low-Cost Mitigation of ReRAM Variability for Deep Learning Applications","display_name":"Fast and Low-Cost Mitigation of ReRAM Variability for Deep Learning Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200213209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd53106.2021.00051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd53106.2021.00051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd53106.2021.00051","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 39th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030318115","display_name":"Sugil Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-6501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sugil Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084829415","display_name":"Mohammed E. Fouda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Fouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Embedded & Cyber-physical Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Embedded & Cyber-physical Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780257","display_name":"Jongeun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-2974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongeun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013660772","display_name":"Ahmed M. Eltawil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-083X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Eltawil","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Center for Embedded & Cyber-physical Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Embedded & Cyber-physical Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008034875","display_name":"Fadi Kurdahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-365X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadi Kurdahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Embedded & Cyber-physical Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Embedded & Cyber-physical Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030318115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65006718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"269","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.8649237155914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5862107872962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.522199809551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4632393717765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.4170933961868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21026766300201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16694539785385132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.12189942598342896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8649237155914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5862107872962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.522199809551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4632393717765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.4170933961868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21026766300201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16694539785385132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.12189942598342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd53106.2021.00051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd53106.2021.00051","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 39th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/675897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/675897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/56121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/56121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"CONFERENCE"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1946546377","https://openalex.org/W2091777687","https://openalex.org/W2319920447","https://openalex.org/W2508602506","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2724189024","https://openalex.org/W2753861483","https://openalex.org/W2768104155","https://openalex.org/W2796472956","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2946522000","https://openalex.org/W2957706073","https://openalex.org/W2971791668","https://openalex.org/W3020958492","https://openalex.org/W3031771821","https://openalex.org/W3035855442","https://openalex.org/W3091835145","https://openalex.org/W3092585568","https://openalex.org/W3099743262","https://openalex.org/W3111475881","https://openalex.org/W3111555441","https://openalex.org/W3111989171","https://openalex.org/W3113179799","https://openalex.org/W3183260061","https://openalex.org/W4250482878","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6700264148","https://openalex.org/W6776364585","https://openalex.org/W6779813529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W4323565446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"overcome":[1],"the":[2,11,38,53,69,128],"programming":[3,72],"variability":[4,44,75,133],"(PV)":[5],"of":[6,40,56,71],"ReRAM":[7],"crossbar":[8],"arrays":[9],"(RCAs),":[10],"most":[12],"common":[13],"method":[14,35,60,94,138,143],"is":[15,88,151,155],"program-verify,":[16],"which,":[17],"however,":[18],"has":[19],"high":[20],"energy":[21],"and":[22,33,42,73,87,119,135],"latency":[23],"overhead.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper":[27],"we":[28],"propose":[29],"a":[30,98,102,140],"very":[31,90,106],"fast":[32],"low-cost":[34],"to":[36,108],"mitigate":[37],"effect":[39,70],"PV":[41],"other":[43,74],"for":[45,68],"RCA-based":[46],"DNN":[47,57],"(Deep":[48],"Neural":[49],"Network)":[50],"accelerators.":[51],"Leveraging":[52],"statistical":[54],"properties":[55],"output,":[58],"our":[59,93,124,137],"called":[61],"Online":[62],"Batch-Norm":[63],"Correction":[64],"(OBNC)":[65],"can":[66,126],"compensate":[67],"on":[76],"RCA":[77],"output":[78],"without":[79],"using":[80,113],"on-chip":[81],"training":[82,103],"or":[83,101,153],"an":[84],"iterative":[85],"procedure,":[86],"thus":[89],"fast.":[91],"Also":[92],"does":[95],"not":[96],"require":[97],"nonideality":[99],"model":[100],"dataset,":[104],"hence":[105],"easy":[107],"apply.":[109],"Our":[110],"experimental":[111],"results":[112],"ternary":[114],"neural":[115],"networks":[116],"with":[117],"binary":[118],"4-bit":[120],"activations":[121],"demonstrate":[122],"that":[123,136],"OBNC":[125],"recover":[127],"baseline":[129],"performance":[130],"in":[131],"many":[132],"settings":[134],"outperforms":[139],"previously":[141],"known":[142],"(VCAM)":[144],"by":[145],"large":[146],"margins":[147],"when":[148],"input":[149],"distribution":[150],"asymmetric":[152],"activation":[154],"multi-bit.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
