{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121388463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2005.1523860","title":"Sparsely hubbed light-trail grooming networks","display_name":"Sparsely hubbed light-trail grooming networks","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121388463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2005.1523860","mag":"2121388463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccn.2005.1523860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2005.1523860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, 2005. ICCCN 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012363897","display_name":"Srivatsan Balasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8198-7161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Balasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087267932","display_name":"Arun K. Somani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6248-4376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.K. Somani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069714415","display_name":"Ahmed E. Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-3478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.E. Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012363897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75539403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"249","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8079596757888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7735310792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-grooming","display_name":"Traffic grooming","score":0.6571115851402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traverse","display_name":"Traverse","score":0.5812833309173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5618755221366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5496165156364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4640793800354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4585859477519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4464775025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.41299548745155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2357005774974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.21638032793998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1220904290676117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1194922924041748}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8079596757888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7735310792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162396882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832502","display_name":"Traffic grooming","level":4,"score":0.6571115851402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176809094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401496","display_name":"Traverse","level":2,"score":0.5812833309173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5618755221366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5496165156364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4640793800354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4585859477519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4464775025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.41299548745155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2357005774974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.21638032793998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1220904290676117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1194922924041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccn.2005.1523860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2005.1523860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, 2005. ICCCN 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lib.dr.iastate.edu:ece_conf-1152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&amp;amp;context=ece_conf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196104","display_name":"Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","host_organization_name":"Iowa State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Conference Papers, Posters and Presentations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565548629","https://openalex.org/W1604787324","https://openalex.org/W2104708344","https://openalex.org/W2115755077","https://openalex.org/W2117724322","https://openalex.org/W2128263778","https://openalex.org/W2146893857","https://openalex.org/W2151979817","https://openalex.org/W2166947588","https://openalex.org/W6675510434","https://openalex.org/W6677808737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377402383","https://openalex.org/W2380835401","https://openalex.org/W2381912691","https://openalex.org/W2350381577","https://openalex.org/W2353618196","https://openalex.org/W2348074676","https://openalex.org/W2385033175","https://openalex.org/W2374043190","https://openalex.org/W2363298784","https://openalex.org/W2006096198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"a":[1,11,38],"new":[2],"architecture":[3],"called":[4,91],"light-trails":[5,42],"has":[6],"been":[7],"proposed":[8],"that":[9,30,133],"provides":[10],"novel":[12],"control":[13,40],"and":[14,33,52,80,111,142],"management":[15],"solution":[16],"to":[17,57,70,73,85,103,148],"address":[18],"IP-centric":[19],"issues":[20],"at":[21],"the":[22,96,116],"optical":[23,78],"layer.":[24],"By":[25],"inclusion":[26],"of":[27,46,118,155],"simple":[28],"hardware":[29,108],"performs":[31],"drop":[32],"continue":[34],"functionality,":[35],"overlaid":[36],"with":[37,106,152],"light-weight":[39],"protocol,":[41],"enable":[43],"efficient":[44],"sharing":[45],"network":[47,54],"resources,":[48],"improve":[49],"bandwidth":[50],"utilization":[51],"minimize":[53],"costs.":[55],"Due":[56],"power":[58],"budget":[59],"constraints":[60],"in":[61,76],"such":[62,122],"networks,":[63],"it":[64,145],"may":[65,82],"not":[66],"always":[67],"be":[68,83,104],"possible":[69,147],"have":[71],"end":[72,74],"communication":[75],"pure":[77],"domain":[79],"requests":[81],"required":[84],"traverse":[86],"multiple":[87],"intermediate":[88],"transit":[89],"points":[90],"hub":[92,100,139,156],"nodes":[93,101],"before":[94],"reaching":[95],"final":[97],"destination.":[98],"The":[99],"need":[102],"equipped":[105],"special":[107],"for":[109,138],"switching":[110],"grooming":[112],"connections.":[113],"We":[114,127],"investigate":[115],"problem":[117],"designing":[119,136],"networks":[120],"where":[121],"hubs":[123],"are":[124],"sparsely":[125],"located.":[126],"show":[128],"through":[129],"our":[130],"simulation":[131],"results":[132],"by":[134],"carefully":[135],"heuristics":[137],"node":[140],"placement":[141],"trail":[143],"routing,":[144],"is":[146],"achieve":[149],"high":[150],"throughput":[151],"minimal":[153],"number":[154],"nodes.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
