{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106673115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icca51439.2020.9264412","title":"A Survey on federated learning","display_name":"A Survey on federated learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106673115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icca51439.2020.9264412","mag":"3106673115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icca51439.2020.9264412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icca51439.2020.9264412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360961","display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-9972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101111619","display_name":"Yuxi Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443076","display_name":"Kuo\u2010Yi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-8116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuo-Yi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100360961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96513485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"791","last_page":"796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7068967223167419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.556935727596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5468922257423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.5333820581436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5156094431877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.497029572725296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4490969777107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3919444680213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24047154188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12738037109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.09467774629592896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7068967223167419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.556935727596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5468922257423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5333820581436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5156094431877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.497029572725296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4490969777107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3919444680213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24047154188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12738037109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09467774629592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icca51439.2020.9264412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icca51439.2020.9264412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077905990","https://openalex.org/W2132737349","https://openalex.org/W2153353890","https://openalex.org/W2535838896","https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2766831133","https://openalex.org/W2767079719","https://openalex.org/W2773194476","https://openalex.org/W2777914285","https://openalex.org/W2783522756","https://openalex.org/W2793216106","https://openalex.org/W2798720628","https://openalex.org/W2807006176","https://openalex.org/W2810065831","https://openalex.org/W2896422817","https://openalex.org/W2903356604","https://openalex.org/W2903890850","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2912592113","https://openalex.org/W2917425811","https://openalex.org/W2920095265","https://openalex.org/W2921000198","https://openalex.org/W2924921501","https://openalex.org/W2930926105","https://openalex.org/W2938151977","https://openalex.org/W2941578813","https://openalex.org/W2942571707","https://openalex.org/W2945752848","https://openalex.org/W2946573451","https://openalex.org/W2949734902","https://openalex.org/W2951213900","https://openalex.org/W2952087428","https://openalex.org/W2954070046","https://openalex.org/W2956355137","https://openalex.org/W2962688627","https://openalex.org/W2963183964","https://openalex.org/W2963300197","https://openalex.org/W2963318081","https://openalex.org/W2963540401","https://openalex.org/W2964162474","https://openalex.org/W2964219000","https://openalex.org/W2967119243","https://openalex.org/W2970606380","https://openalex.org/W2970885630","https://openalex.org/W2972594657","https://openalex.org/W2972618105","https://openalex.org/W2974175488","https://openalex.org/W2974306260","https://openalex.org/W2975296300","https://openalex.org/W2977072935","https://openalex.org/W2978422189","https://openalex.org/W2980713544","https://openalex.org/W2981349114","https://openalex.org/W2982302101","https://openalex.org/W2982859792","https://openalex.org/W2984242138","https://openalex.org/W2987317136","https://openalex.org/W2989253922","https://openalex.org/W2998045710","https://openalex.org/W3007607795","https://openalex.org/W3013124972","https://openalex.org/W3018464563","https://openalex.org/W3038022836","https://openalex.org/W3095611529","https://openalex.org/W3103245149","https://openalex.org/W3105122387","https://openalex.org/W3106416029","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4288333953","https://openalex.org/W4294106961","https://openalex.org/W4297687186","https://openalex.org/W4298221930","https://openalex.org/W4300427714","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6679393576","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6738383168","https://openalex.org/W6746388805","https://openalex.org/W6746720608","https://openalex.org/W6749824362","https://openalex.org/W6752029299","https://openalex.org/W6752600739","https://openalex.org/W6756840679","https://openalex.org/W6757266122","https://openalex.org/W6758757267","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6762519339","https://openalex.org/W6763048141","https://openalex.org/W6766069891","https://openalex.org/W6766800599","https://openalex.org/W6767446521","https://openalex.org/W6768238524","https://openalex.org/W6768836789","https://openalex.org/W6769500930","https://openalex.org/W6770113891","https://openalex.org/W6770240417","https://openalex.org/W6771536673","https://openalex.org/W6786298676","https://openalex.org/W6840756468","https://openalex.org/W6948004256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W1557905920","https://openalex.org/W2043093291","https://openalex.org/W2101155126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,10],"(FL)":[2],"is":[3,41],"an":[4],"emerging":[5],"setting":[6],"which":[7],"implement":[8],"machine":[9],"in":[11,29],"a":[12,25,42,79,83],"distributed":[13],"environment":[14],"while":[15],"protecting":[16],"privacy.":[17],"Research":[18],"activities":[19,33,55],"relating":[20],"to":[21,46,68,74,113],"FLhave":[22],"grown":[23],"at":[24],"fast":[26],"rate":[27],"recently":[28],"control.":[30],"Exactly":[31],"what":[32],"have":[34],"been":[35],"carrying":[36],"the":[37,47,77,86,93,98,104,115,124,137],"research":[38,48,54,111],"momentum":[39],"forward":[40],"question":[43],"of":[44,59,72,100,123,129,139],"interest":[45],"community.":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51,66,91,107],"finds":[52],"these":[53],"and":[56,97,118],"optimization":[57],"path":[58],"FL":[60,73,95,116,130],"based":[61],"on":[62,76],"survey.":[63],"Thus,":[64],"this":[65,90,106,140],"aims":[67],"review":[69],"related":[70],"studies":[71],"base":[75],"baseline":[78],"universal":[80],"definition":[81],"gives":[82],"guiding":[84],"for":[85],"future":[87],"work.":[88],"Besides,":[89],"presents":[92],"prevailing":[94],"applications":[96],"evolution":[99],"federated":[101],"learning.":[102],"In":[103],"end,":[105],"also":[108,132],"identifies":[109],"four":[110],"fronts":[112],"enrich":[114],"literature":[117],"help":[119],"advance":[120],"our":[121],"understanding":[122],"field.":[125],"A":[126],"comprehensive":[127],"taxonomy":[128],"can":[131],"be":[133],"developed":[134],"through":[135],"analyzing":[136],"results":[138],"review.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}