{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283749631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc48687.2022.9806487","title":"Hybridized Yolov4 for Detecting and Counting People in Congested Crowds","display_name":"Hybridized Yolov4 for Detecting and Counting People in Congested Crowds","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283749631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc48687.2022.9806487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc48687.2022.9806487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc48687.2022.9806487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607934","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061964845","display_name":"Muhammad Haris Kaka Khel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-4138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Haris Kaka Khel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute,Electrical Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","Electrical Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute,Electrical Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052008346","display_name":"Kushsairy Kadir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-3044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kushsairy Kadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute,Electrical Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","Electrical Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute,Electrical Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057997579","display_name":"Sheroz Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-8538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheroz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Onaizah Colleges,Department of Electrical Engineering,Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, Onaizah Colleges, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Onaizah Colleges,Department of Electrical Engineering,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Onaizah Colleges, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037364292","display_name":"Waleed Albattah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-7304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092650","display_name":"Buraydah Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/00j0krs40","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Albattah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qassim University,College of Computer,Department of Information Technology,Buraydah,Saudi Arabia","Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qassim University,College of Computer,Department of Information Technology,Buraydah,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650","https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650","https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080483162","display_name":"Haidawati Nasir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5914-8451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haidawati Nasir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology,Computer Engineering Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","Computer Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology,Computer Engineering Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048176127","display_name":"MNMM Noor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MNMM Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology,Computer Engineering Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","Computer Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology,Computer Engineering Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018552745","display_name":"Akbar Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4906-661X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akbar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute,Electrical Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","Electrical Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute,Electrical Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052522137","display_name":"Nawaf Waqas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5587-4766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawaf Waqas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute,Electrical Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","Electrical Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute,Electrical Section,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061964845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38792243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.8567780256271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8546801805496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.7469140291213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6039010286331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5610278844833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5540039539337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.4157934784889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37867626547813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.365420401096344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16535407304763794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.8567780256271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8546801805496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.7469140291213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6039010286331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5610278844833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5540039539337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.4157934784889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37867626547813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.365420401096344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16535407304763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc48687.2022.9806487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc48687.2022.9806487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607934","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607748843","https://openalex.org/W1833143043","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1967617464","https://openalex.org/W2130751540","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2400862372","https://openalex.org/W2490270993","https://openalex.org/W2497039038","https://openalex.org/W2520826941","https://openalex.org/W2618711833","https://openalex.org/W2707890836","https://openalex.org/W2735668550","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2902117024","https://openalex.org/W2962965870","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963674932","https://openalex.org/W2964479623","https://openalex.org/W2989864827","https://openalex.org/W3002731007","https://openalex.org/W3006312951","https://openalex.org/W3015469128","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3022846008","https://openalex.org/W3027606690","https://openalex.org/W3086556267","https://openalex.org/W3097305524","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3112358767","https://openalex.org/W3156866268","https://openalex.org/W3163100883","https://openalex.org/W3215471007","https://openalex.org/W6638632666","https://openalex.org/W6726275242","https://openalex.org/W6739917289","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6777086352","https://openalex.org/W6787256534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4286908577","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W3207526114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowd":[0],"monitoring":[1,24],"has":[2],"been":[3],"gaining":[4],"attention":[5,84],"among":[6],"researchers":[7],"for":[8,21,27,32,62,100,217],"a":[9,105,214],"wide":[10],"range":[11],"of":[12,25,121,128,152,162,204],"applications.":[13],"Such":[14],"applications":[15],"may":[16],"include":[17],"abnormal":[18],"behavior":[19],"detection":[20,74,115],"security":[22],"reasons,":[23],"crowds":[26],"reporting,":[28],"and":[29,34,45,60,82,94,96,184,191,206],"people":[30,44],"counting":[31],"structural":[33],"facility":[35],"planning":[36],"purposes.":[37],"Traditional":[38],"detecting":[39],"models":[40],"fail":[41],"to":[42,110,139,157,195],"detect":[43],"count":[46],"them":[47],"in":[48,66,142],"the":[49,72,91,101,111,119,126,143,169,173,192,202],"crowded":[50],"scenes.":[51],"Deep":[52],"learning":[53],"networks":[54],"have":[55],"proven":[56],"costly":[57],"requiring":[58],"energy":[59],"memory":[61,99,207],"computations":[63,205],"beyond":[64],"means":[65],"resource-constrained":[67],"devices.":[68],"Thus,":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"YOLOv4":[73,112,133,178],"algorithm":[75],"fused":[76],"with":[77],"Pruning":[78],"technique":[79],"during":[80,208],"training":[81],"convolutional":[83],"module.":[85],"The":[86,131,149,160,176,197],"proposed":[87,198],"pruning":[88,199],"strategy":[89],"makes":[90,211],"model":[92],"compact":[93],"light":[95],"thus":[97],"reduces":[98,201],"processing":[102],"needs.":[103],"Adding":[104],"Convolutional":[106],"Block":[107],"Attention":[108],"Module":[109],"network":[113,165],"improves":[114],"accuracy":[116],"by":[117,172,182,189],"increasing":[118],"weights":[120,127],"valuable":[122],"features":[123],"while":[124],"lowering":[125],"invalid":[129],"data.":[130],"Improved":[132],"then":[134],"is":[135,155,180,187],"not":[136],"only":[137],"used":[138,156],"locate":[140],"everyone":[141],"crowd,":[144],"rather":[145],"it":[146,212],"counts":[147],"them.":[148],"JHU-Crowd":[150],"dataset":[151],"crowd":[153],"images":[154],"train":[158],"YOLOv4.":[159,175],"findings":[161],"this":[163],"hybrid":[164,177],"are":[166],"authenticated":[167],"against":[168],"experimental":[170],"results":[171],"original":[174],"mAP":[179],"boosted":[181],"21%":[183],"inference":[185],"time":[186],"reduced":[188,194],"11%":[190],"loss":[193],"0.1.":[196],"mechanism":[200],"number":[203],"training,":[209],"which":[210],"better":[213,215],"candidate":[216],"Real-Time":[218],"monitoring.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}